关于记忆，大多数人都误会了的四件事.docVIP

关于记忆，大多数人都误会了的四件事 译者： HYPERLINK /u/241957 MISS宅原作者：Katherine Harmon 发表时间：2011-08-05浏览量：2927评论数：2挑错数：0 关于记忆，我们都误会了的四件事。对于这几个错误的看法，你是不是也曾一度坚信不疑？与其相信记忆是牢不可摧的铜墙铁壁，不如把他看做是落地即碎的玻璃杯。 Human memory has been shown again and again to be far from perfect. We overlook big things, forget details, conflate events. One famous experiment even demonstrated that many people asked to watch a video of people playing basketball failed to notice a person wearing a gorilla suit walk right through the middle of the scene. 人类的记忆一次又一次地被证明远远不够完美。我们会忽略大的事情，忘记细节，也会将事情弄混。在一个著名的实验中，很多人被要求观看一个篮球赛视频，最后却证实到没人注意到一个装大猩猩的人从视野中穿过了。 So why does eyewitness testimony continue to hold water in courtrooms? A new nationwide survey of 1,500 U.S. adults shows that many people continue to have the wrong idea about how we remember—and what we forget. 那么为什么目击证人的证词在法庭上总是站得住脚的呢？一个基于全美1500名成人的新全国性调查指出，很多人对于我们是如何记忆，忘却事物仍抱有错误观点。 Here are four common incorrect assumptions about memory, held by some of the survey subjects, that experts say should be forgotten: 以下是一些调查中常常出现的四个关于记忆的错误看法，专家说它们理应被忘记： 1. Memory works like a video camera, recording the world around us onto a mental tape that we can later replay. 1 记忆的运作与摄像机一样，它可以将我们周边的世界摄入我们心灵的磁带，而且日后还能被回忆起来。 Nearly two thirds (63 percent) of those in the random telephone survey said that they agreed with this model of a passively recorded memory. This notion runs counter to research that has shown events to be recalled based on goals and expectations, the researchers behind the survey wrote in a new paper, published online August 3 in PLoS ONE. It also contradicts the well-established idea that memory retrieval is a constructive process, too, which can be shaped by assumptions and beliefs, noted Daniel Simons, of University of Illinois, and his co-author, Christopher Chabris, of Union College, both of whom are psychology professors. 在随机的电话调查中，将近三分之二（63%）的人都认同这种被动留下记忆的模式。这种观点与证实记忆是基于“目标和期望值”才被回忆起来的研究背道而驰。参与调查的专家们将结果记录，并于8月3日发表在PLoS ONE网上。它也“驳斥了记忆是一种建设的过程的想法”。依照这个说法，记忆就可以被假