资料库查询：关系数学RelationalAlgebraandCalculus.pptVIP

中央大學。范錚強 資料庫查詢：關係數學 ──Relational Algebra and Calculus 國立中央大學 資訊管理系 范錚強、楊書成 2008.12 關係數學：algebra calculus 兩種正規的數學 Relational algebra Operational Procedural language (at a SET level) 一歩歩描述計算結果的步驟 Relational calculus 邏輯的一部份 Declarative Non-procedural language 只描述想要的結果 SQL的數學表示法?SQL的重要基礎 Relational algebra (1) 5個基本的運算子(operators) Selection (σ) - select rows from relation Projection (Π) - retain only wanted columns from relation Cross-product (X) - combine 2 relations Set-difference (－) - tuples in r1, but not in r2 Union (∪) - tuples in r1 and/or in r2 Relational algebra (2) Hypothesized