农业-植物化学保护-222页.pptxVIP

Plant Chemical ProtectionDepartment of Plant ProtectionHenan Institute of Science and Technology Preface Plant provide either directly or indirectly the main source of nutrition for mankind, animals and uncountable masses of lower organisms. An ample supply of food, fibers and other vegetable matter is a prerequisite to health as well as to social and economic development of any human society. Thus, the increase competition from all kinds of organisms, which cause injury, disease , is unwanted. Man is waging a continuous struggle against these injurious and troublesome organisms, called pest, pathogen and weed etal. in order to protect his food, shelter and living. Owing to the spectacular development of agriculture in general during the 20th century, word food production has grown considerable to the extent that per capital food production has increased in spit of the explosive growth of the world population. However, growth figures differ greatly for continents and individual countries. Developing country provide only about 30% of the world requirement of food although they are home to more than half of the global population, and agriculture accounts for more than 70% of their national income; in 1985, the ratios for malnourished and healthy people were 1:3 in Africa, 1:5 in east Asia and 1:7 in Latin American. In this book, the role of pesticide in agricultural productivity has been strongly emphasized to sustain the crop yield and quality over the world. However, the crop protection is very complicated because of the numerous interactions between the cultivated crops, the many damaging or beneficial organisms and the variable factors of the environment. The use of chemicals, having an enormously disruptive power on the fragile balance of nature, requires general insight into their properties and effects.Chapter 1 Basic Concept of Plant Chemical Protection1 Definition and Class of Pesticide2 Toxic Power of Pesticide3 Effects of Pesticide on Crop4 Toxici