斯特劳森对罗素指称理论的改造.pdfVIP

斯特劳森对罗素指称理论的改造 摘 要 如何对如“圆的方”等不存在之物指称进行分析，一直是哲学界争论 的焦点之一。对这个问题的处理方式，大致可以归为两类，一类是以罗素 为代表的人工语言模式，一类是斯特劳森所采取的日常语言模式。两种不 同方法之间的争论焦点是，哪种方法更能接近语言所要表达的真理。 自1905 年罗素的《论指谓》发表以来，采用逻辑技术去分析语言的逻 辑构成方法得到了广泛的认同，不少的学者认为这种方法是唯一能够有效 地分析指称问题的方法。直到将近半个世纪之后，斯特劳森《论指称》一 文的出现才引起学界对罗素指称理论合理性的再审视。 斯特劳森对罗素指称理论的改造，始终是在为日常语言的合理性作出 辩护。他正确地指出了罗素的指称理论在强调语言的逻辑结构的同时，忽 略了有关语言使用的语境分析。此次改造的价值在于提出对语词和语句的 三种区分，深化了语境的涵义，推动了语言研究从语义学进入语用学的转 变。但是，斯特劳森坚持日常语言的观念，这一点使得其指称理论缺乏精 确化的分析诉求。 关键词：指称 意义 语境 预设 I THE REMOULDING OF RUSSELL’S REFERENCE THEORY BY STRAWSON ABSTRACT The question about how to refer to the non-being, such as round square, has been one of the bones of contention in philosophy area all the time. There are two ways to deal with this problem. One way is based on the artificial language represented by Bertrand Russell; the other prefers to ordinary language, like Peter Frederick Strawson. In fact, it’s the debate between two different arguing, which one is closer to the truth that is represented of language. Since On Denoting was published in 1905, the use of logical technology in analyzing the logic structure of language has gained wide acceptance. Many scholars consider this method as the unique way to deal with referring problems effectively. Not until half of century later, On Referring written by Strawson aroused the public attention to review the rationality of Russell’s Reference Theory. Strawson’s remoulding of Russell’s Reference Theory always centered on the rationality of ordinary language. He correctly pointed out that Russell ’s Reference Theory stressed on the logical structure and ignored the contextual analysis about the use of la