原创力文档微观经济理论——基本原理与扩展（尼克尔森），第11版 ，答案手册 Microeconomic_theory_basic_principles_and_extensions，student_solution_manual，Walter_Nichoslon 222页.docx
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微观经济理论——基本原理与扩展（尼克尔森），第11版 ，答案手册 Microeconomic_theory_basic_principles_and_extensions，student_solution_manual，Walter_Nichoslon 222页.docx
CHAPTER 2:
CHAPTER 2:
Mathematics for Microeconomics
The problems in this chapter are primarily mathematical. They are intended to give students some practice with the concepts introduced in Chapter 2, but the problems in themselves offer few economic insights. Consequently, no commentary is provided. Results from some of the analytical problems are used in later chapters, however, and in those cases the student will be directed to here.
Solutions
2.1 U (x, y) ? 4x2 ? 3y2.
Ux ? 8x, Uy ? 6 y.
Ux ? 8, Uy ? 6.
dU ? 8xdx ? 6ydy.
dy ? ? Ux
dx Uy
? ? 4x .
3y
e. 4?12 ? 3? 22 ?16.
f. dy = ?4 ?1= ? 2 .
dx 3? 2 3
The U =16 contour line is an ellipse centered at the origin. The slope of the line
at any point is given by dy dx ? ? 4x 3y.
a. Profits are given by ? ? R ? C ? ?2q2 ? 40q ?100. found by setting the derivative equal to 0:
d? = ? 4q+ 40 ? 0
dq
implies q* ? 10 and ? * ? 100.
The maximum value is
PAGE 12
PAGE 12
Chapter 2: Mathematics for Microeconomics
Chapter 2: Mathematics for Microeconomics PAGE
Chapter 2: Mathematics for Microeconomics
PAGE 11
Since d 2?
dq2 = ? 4 ? 0,
this is a global maximum.
MR= dR dq= 70 ? 2q.
MR ? MC ? 50.
MC= dC dq= 2q ? 30.
So q* ? 10 obeys
First, use the substitution method. Substituting
y ? 1? x yields
f (x) ?
f (x,1? x) ? x(1? x) ? x ? x2.
Taking the first-order condition,
f ? (x) =1? 2x ? 0,
and solving yields
x* = 0.5,
y* = 0.5, and
f (x*) ? f (x*, y*)= 0.25.
Since
f ??(x* ) ? ?2 ? 0, this is a local and global maximum.
Next, use the Lagrange method. The Lagrangian is L ? xy ? ?(1? x ? y).
first-order conditions are
Lx = y ? ? = 0 Ly = x ? ? = 0
L? =1? x ? y= 0.
The
Solving simultaneously,
x* y* ? 0.25.
x ? y.
Using the constraint gives
x* ? y* ? 0.5, ? = 0.5, and
Setting up the Lagrangian, L ? x ? y ? ?(0.25 ? xy).
Lx ? 1? ? y
Ly ? 1? ? x
L? ? 0.25 ? xy ? 0.
The first-order conditions are
So x ? y.
Using the constraint (xy ? x2 ? 0.25)
gives
x* ? y* ? 0.5 and ? = 2.
Note that
the solution is the same h
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