医学英语-泌尿系统.pdf

Medical English Medical English Urinary System 泌尿系统 Fang, Xiao yi (Judy)房晓祎 Department of Neonatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College objectives • Describe the structures and main functions of the urinary system • Describe the structures of kidney and nephron • Describe the process of urine formation • Describe the process of urination • Get basic knowledge about the common diseases of urinary system • Grasp the language usage in medical records and dialogues about urinary system problems Related roots • urino-, uro-: uric, urinary, about urine尿的 • -uria: something abnormal in the urine-尿症 • nephro-, reno-: nephric, renal, to the kidney肾的 • glomerulo-: to the glomerulus 肾小球的 • cali-: to the calyx 肾盏的 • pyelo-, pyel-: to the renal pelvis肾盂的 • uretero-: to the ureter输尿管的 • urethro-: to the urethra尿道的 • cysto-, vesico-: to the bladder, sac膀胱的，囊的 • hydro-: to the water 水 • lith-: stone结石 • -tripsy:碎石术 Overview of the urinary system The urinary system, also called the urinary tract, is the body system involved in the formation and excretion of urine. The upper and lower urinary tract • The kidneys form the upper part of the urinary tract. • The urine produced by the kidneys is transported to the bladder by two ureters. • The lower urinary tract consists of the bladder and the urethra Structures of the urinary organs • The kidneyskidneys are bean- shaped organs about the size of the fists, lie in the retroperitoneum(腹膜后腔) on the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the vertebral column脊柱(near the middle of the back, just below the rib cage). • It has concave凹的and convex凸的surface. Structures of the urinary organs • The kidneys can filter out waste products