局解绪论及颅部2011.pptVIP

局解实习安排 第3~8周：1~6班 尸体解剖：上肢、颈部、胸部 第9~13周：7~8班 尸体解剖：下肢、背部、腹部 第15、16周：标本观察 实习分组：每大班分3大组，每大组为一个实习室，分 4解剖小组。请严格按分组进行实习，不允许串组。 实习成绩：占总成绩40%，其中考勤30%，学态度、操 作规范度30%, 回答问题15，实验报告15%，解剖质量 10%。 境 界 与 分 区 表面解剖 Mental foramen 1. 皮肤 skin 2. 浅筋膜 Superficial fascia 3. 颞筋膜（浅、深两层） Temporal fascia 4. 颞肌 Temporalis 5. 骨膜 Pericranium 颞 肌Temporalis 颞区各层次的结构特点 皮肤 浅筋膜内的血管和神经 颞筋膜的浅、深层 颞肌 颞肌深部的血管和神经 颞间隙 颞浅间隙：位于颞筋膜与颞肌之间。 颞筋膜间隙：位于颞筋膜下部两层之间。 颞深间隙：位于颞肌(筋膜)与骨膜之间。 Case1:Temporal abscess after tooth extractions 34-year-old man with diabetes mellitus, but otherwise healthy and with no previous record of drug addiction, had two molars of the upper jaw removed. Three days later he developed a swelling and redness in his left temple and periorbital region. He was tender to palpation and not able to open his left eye . His general condition was good with no fever, but C reactive protein was 301 when he was admitted to hospital 7 days after surgery. MRI scan showed an abscess located lateral to the alveolar crista of the upper jaw and upwards deep to the temporal fascia . Eye functioning was unaffected and the MRI scan did not show any orbital involvement. 三、面　部　 面部浅层结构 　the superficial structures of the face 面侧区 　the lateral region of the face 腮腺咬肌区 the Parotid and masseteric region 面侧深部 the deep part of the face 一、面部浅层结构 Superficial structures of face 皮肤 skin 浅筋膜 superficial fascia 面表情肌 muscles of expression 腮腺管 parotid duct 面动、静脉 facial artery and vein 淋巴结 lymph nodes 三叉神经 Trigeminal nerve 面神经 facial nerve 头 部 淋 巴 回 流 Lymphatic drainage of the head 二、腮腺咬肌区Parotid and Masseteric Region 腮 腺 parotid gland 位置和形态 morphology and location 腮腺管 parotid duct 腮腺咬肌筋膜 Parotid-masseteric fascia 腮腺淋巴结 Parotid lymph node 腮腺内主要血管、神经的排列 Arrangement of main vessels and nerves in the parotid gland 腮腺的毗邻 Relation of the parotid gland 咬肌 Masseter 1.腮腺咬肌筋膜：咬肌筋膜和腮腺鞘 2. 腮腺parotid gland （1） 位置 （2）形态：呈不规则的楔形，底向外，尖向内突至咽旁；被面神经丛或下颌支后缘分为浅部和深部。 （3）腮腺管parotid duct：行程、体表投影、开口部位 Op