69584 英文版机械设计手册.pdfVIP

CHAPTER 6 WEAR Kenneth C. Ludema Professor of Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 6.1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES IN DESIGN FOR WEAR RESISTANCE / 6.1 6.2 STEPS IN DESIGN FOR WEAR LIFE WITHOUT SELECTING MATERIALS / 6.4 6.3 WEAR EQUATIONS / 6.6 6.4 STEPS IN SELECTING MATERIALS FOR WEAR RESISTANCE / 6.7 6.5 MATERIAL-SELECTION PROCEDURE / 6.14 REFERENCES / 6.18 BIBLIOGRAPHY / 6.18 There is no shorthand method of designing machinery for a specified wear life. Thus a step-by-step method is given for designers to follow. The method begins with an examination of worn parts of the type to be improved. The next step is an estimate of stresses, temperatures, and likely conditions of operation of the redesigned machinery. Material testing for wear resistance is discussed, and finally, a procedure is given for selecting materials for wear resistance. 6.1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES IN DESIGN FOR WEAR RESISTANCE The wear life of mechanical components is affected by nearly as many variables as human life. Wearing surfaces are composed of substrate material, oxide, absorbed gas, and dirt. They respond to their environment, method of manufacture, and con- ditions of operation. They suffer acute and/or progressive degeneration, and they can often be partially rehabilitated by either a change in operating conditions or some intrusive action. The range of wearing components and devices is endless, including animal teeth and joints, cams, piston rings, tires, roads, brakes, dirt seals, liquid seals, gas seals, belts, floors, shoes, fabrics,