湘雅儿科精品课件-小儿腹泻.pptVIP

小儿腹泻     Vocabulary hypochlorhydria－胃酸过少 normal flora－正常菌丛 colibacillus－大肠杆菌 campylobacter－弯曲菌 Yersinia－耶尔松菌 adenyl cyclase－腺苷酸环化酶 guanylic cyclase －鸟苷酸环化酶 microvillares－微绒毛 Staphylocaccus aureus－金黄色葡萄球菌 pseudomembranous enterocolitis－伪膜性小肠结肠炎 小 儿 腹 泻 Infantile Diarrhea 目的要求 Objective 概述 Summary 病因 Etiology 发病机制 Pathogenesis 临床表现 Clinical menifestations 诊断、鉴别诊断 Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis 治疗原则 Principle of Treatment 目的要求 Objective 掌握本病的病因、发病机制与临床表现 Mastered：Etiology , Pathogenesis Clinical menifetation 掌握本病的诊断与治疗 Mastered：Diagnosis Treatment 熟悉本病的鉴别诊断 Be familiar with：Differential Diagnosis 了解本病的预防 Realized： Prevent 概述 Summary 小儿腹泻(腹泻病)，是由多病原、多因素引起以腹泻为主的一组疾病，容易并发水、电解质、酸碱平衡紊乱。根据病因可分为感染性（较多见）和非感染性两类，发病年龄多在 2 岁以下，1 岁以内者约占半数。近30年来本病发病率和病死率已明显降低，但仍是小儿的常见病和死亡原因。 Infantile diarrhea is caused by multi-pathogeny multifactor. The main symptom is diarrhea. It is easily complicated by disturbances of water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. According as pathogeny, it can be classified by the infected (most) and the non-infected. It occurs usually less than 2 years old, about 50% less than 1 year. Although the incidence and the mortality of the disease have evidently decreased by late 30 years, it often occurs in infants and results in infants’ death. 病因 Etiology 一 、易感因素 Predisposing factors 1. 消化系统特点(胃酸↓,消化酶↓,酶活性↓,生长发育快) Characteristic of digestive system (hypochlorhydria, digest enzyme↓, enzymatic activity↓, fast developing and growth) 2. 机体防御功能较差(胃酸↓,免疫球蛋白↓,SIgA ↓,正常菌丛) Organism defense hypofunction (hypochlorhydria, immune globulin↓, SIgA ↓, normal flora ) 3. 人工喂养 Non-human-milk feed 病因 Etiology 二 感染因素 Infected factors 1. 肠道内感染(细菌、真菌、病毒、寄生虫) Intestinal tract infection (bacteria, fungus, virus, parasite) 2. 肠道外感染(中耳炎、上感、肺炎、皮肤感染等) Extraintestinal tract infection (tympanitis, upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, skin infection etc) 三 非感染因素Noninfectious factors 1.