肿瘤1精品课件.pptVIP

四、Which one of the follwing characteristics is MOST definitive of malignancy?（B） A．Lack of differentiation B．Metastasis C．Pleomorphism D．Abnormal mitoses E．Increase in nuclear—cytoplasmic ratio 五、All of the following statements about neoplasms are true EXCEPT （ ） A． carcinomas tend to spread by lymphatic invasion. B． sarcomas tend to spread hematogenously. C. the microscopic demonstration of tumor cells in blood vessels is not a reliable indicator of metastasis. D． the spleen is a common site of metastasis. E． skeletal muscle is an uncommon site metastasis. 五、All of the following statements about neoplasms are true EXCEPT（D） A．carcinomas tend to spread by Lymphatic invasion. B． sarcomas tend to spread hematogenously. C. the microscopic demonstration of tumor cells in blood vessels is not a reliable indicator of metastasis. D． the spleen is a common site of metastasis. E． skeletal muscle is an uncommon site metastasis. 六、试列表比较肿瘤性增生与非肿瘤性增生 的区别。 七、何谓肿瘤的分化程度、异型性及间变？ 确定肿瘤良、恶性的主要组织学依据是 什么？ 八、肿瘤的生长和扩散方式有哪些？ Finally, Id like to make a summary. Characteristics of tumor tissues and cells: (1) architecture of tumor a. parenchyma: tumor cells histogenesis, differentiation b. stroma (2) atypia a. atypia in cell pleomorphism mitotic figure pathologic mitosis: asymmetrical, multipolar b. atypia in architecture 谢 谢 ！ 瘤细胞的多形性 核的多形性 病理性核分裂像 3.肿瘤生长与扩散 3.1肿瘤生长的生物学 恶性肿瘤自然生长史 细胞恶性转化→克隆增生→局部浸润→远处转移 3.1.1肿瘤生长的动力学 3个因素： ●肿瘤细胞倍增时间 与正常相似或比正常细胞更慢 ●生长分数（growth fraction）S+G2细胞比例 细胞恶性转化初期-多数细胞处于复制期-分数高 肿瘤持续生长-瘤细胞发生分化-细胞在G0 ● 瘤细胞的生成与丢失 影响肿瘤生长 生长分数高 生成＞丢失 肿瘤生长速度取决于—瘤细胞生成和丢失比 3.1.2肿瘤血管形成 如没有新生血管形成 1-2mm(107个细胞)不在增大 诱导血管生成能力是恶性肿瘤生长、浸润、转移前提 肿瘤及周围炎细胞（巨噬细胞）产生—血管生成因子 （angiogenesis factor) ●血管内皮细胞生长因子 （vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF） ●碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 （basic fibroblastic