化工助剂课复习材料资料.ppt

按照制浆造纸流程，说出主要的制浆造纸助剂 可充分利用书的目录 例：一般情况下，下列化学品中不是制浆造纸化学品的是？ 思考题和作业题 思考题1：AQ作为蒸煮助剂，其作用机理中AQ、AHQ对碳水化合物、木素的主要相互作用关系是什么？ 思考题2：AQ、PS、亚硫酸钠、羟胺、硼氢化钠、连二硫酸钠等作为蒸煮助剂的机理中共同之处是什么？ 脱墨剂(教材上没有)Fatty acid based collector Synthetic collectors Ethoxylated nonylphenols C9H19-C6H4O-(CH2CH2-O)nH Ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymer (CH2-CH2-O)m- (CH2CH2-CH2-O)nH Ethoxylated fatty alcohol R-O-(CH2-CH2-O)nH Ethoxylated fatty acid R-COO-(CH2-CH2-O)nH Deinking Efficiency Evaluation Brightness Pulp yield/Reject content Dirt count Ink particles 40?m, detectable by eyes Ink particles 40?m, lowers brightness ERIC (Effective residual ink concentration) Why using ERIC? Brightness is not only affected by ink but also by other absorbers of visible light such as lignin and dye. For this reason brightness has been found to be an ineffective way to monitor the deinking process. The ERIC method employs reflectance measurements at 950nm (infrared region) where the absorption coefficient for ink is several orders of magnitude greater than the absorption coefficients of fiber and other components, therefor it is a very sensitive method for determining the concentration of inks. The meaning of ERIC? Ratio of the absorption coefficient of pulp and paper, which contain ink, to the absorption of the ink itself, both determined at 950nm. The ERIC measurement is dependent on the distribution of ink particle sizes and is most effective for submicron particles below 10?m that is in the fiber. A high ERIC value after pulping means the ink is highly fragmented A high ERIC measurement after hyperwashing means a high amount of ink attachment/redeposition Hyperwashing and its use Hyperwashing is performed on a 100?m screen with a high volume of water until the washing water are completely clear Hyperwashing can give information on ink detachment/redeposition % Free Ink =100?[ERICNormal pulp- ERICHyperwashed pulp]/ERICNormal pulp 纸料与系统的测定 浆料水相的带电量 增干强剂要点 增干强剂要点 增干强剂要点 淀粉增强剂为什么要阳离子化？ 聚丙烯酰胺 干强剂加到浓浆处 干强剂