HND商法导论报告outcome1-RA.docVIP

What is Criminal Law?（什么是刑法） deals with all types of offences and crime. It concerns itself with the recognition of what amounts to a crime and the punishments suitable for these recognized crimes. Main sources of modern Scots law（现代苏格兰法主要来源） European Union Law Primary Legislation: Treaty of Rome1957 The Single European Act1986 The Treaty on European Union —by European Union Secondary Legislation：Regulation规定 Directives指示 Recommendations建议 Opinions意见 Statutory Sources of Law： Acts of Parliament （议会立法） Delegated Legislation （委托立法） European Union law. （欧盟法） Common Law Sources： Judicial Precedent （司法先例） Custom （习惯法） Equity (衡平法) Institutional Writings. （经典法学著作） Judicial Precedent （司法判例） 案例：Donoghue V Stevenson 1932 SC (HL)31 This is the most common method by which English law is made. If no provision in legislation, the judge must make a decision which he/she sees as fair and just. The judge is actually making the law. He/she is creating a precedent, and the decision will be followed in the future in similar cases. Result in the creation of ‘case law’. If contrary legislation is passed later, the legislation will overrule it. Four most important institutions of European Union(欧盟4个主要机构) 理事会 Council of ministers 议会 European Parliament 法院 the European court of Justice 欧盟委员会 the European commission Law–making powers by European Union institutions（欧盟的立法机构） 理事会 Council of ministers 议会 European Parliament Which the Westerminster Parliament or the Scottish Paliament is the surperior legislation body？Why？（威斯敏斯特议会和苏格兰议会哪个权力大） （1）Westerminster Parliament （2）The Scottish Parliament is no longer a completely independent body after 1707.Westminster Parliament to make laws to give the right to the Scottish Parliament, Scottish Parliament enacted two laws, the British Parliament can overturn the laws enacted by the Scottish Parliament. Name Acts of Parliament(苏格兰制定的法律名称) (1)Sale of Goods Act 1979 (2)Employment