Bayesian fMRI Data Analysis with Sparse Spatial Basis Function Priors 具有稀疏空间基函数先验的贝叶斯fmri数据分析.pdf

Bayesian fMRI Data Analysis with Sparse Spatial Basis Function Priors Guillaume Flandin a,∗,1 William D. Penny a a Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, UCL, London, UK Abstract In previous work we have described a spatially regularised General Linear Model (GLM) for the analysis of brain functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data where Posterior Probability Maps (PPMs) are used to characterise regionally specific effects. The spatial regularisation is defined over regression coefficients via a Laplacian kernel matrix and embodies prior knowledge that evoked responses are spatially contiguous and locally homogeneous. In this paper we propose to finesse this Bayesian framework by specifying spatial priors using Sparse Spatial Basis Functions (SSBFs). These are defined via a hierarchical probabilistic model which, when inverted, automatically selects an appropriate subset of basis functions. The method includes nonlinear wavelet shrinkage as a special case. As compared to Laplacian spatial priors, SSBFs allow for spatial variations in signal smoothness, are more computationally efficient and are robust to heteroscedastic noise. Results are shown on synthetic data and on data from an event-related fMRI experiment. Key words: Variational Bayes, fMRI, Sparse spatial prior, Wavelet denoising, General linear model, Hierarchical model. 1 Introduction Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is an established technique for making inferences about regionally specific activations in the human brain ∗ Corresponding author. Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. Fax: +44 20 7833 7478. Email addresses: gflandin@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk (Guillaume Flandin), wpenny@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk (William D. Penny). 1 G.F. is now with Service Hospitalier Fr´ed´eric Joliot, CEA/DSV/DRM, 4 Plac