“Nanophotonics and Optical Control of Single ：“纳米光子学和光学控制单.ppt

? “Nanophotonics and Optical Control of Single Nanoparticles” Keonwoo Nam Moscow 2012 Supervisor: Professor A. A. Fedyanin Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics Introduction to Optical Tweezers OUTLINE Brief History of Optical Tweezers Principles of Optical Tweezers Optical Trapping Forces The Optical Tweezers Set up The Experimental Method Research Areas and Possible uses What is… Optical Tweezers - one of the techniques, which use a highly focused beam to control and hold microscopic particles. History Johannes Kepler (1571-1630): noticed comets tail always points away from the sun, because of the suns radiation pressure. James Maxwell (1831-1879): existence of the light pressure was demonstrated P. N. Lebedev (1866-1912): measured the light pressure Albert Einstein (1879-1955): confirmed that photons possess its own momentum Arthur Compton (1892-1962:) showed the existence of the light momentum on his experimental work In 1970 A. Ashkin proved that light can grab and release nanometer particles by its momentum, using the light Quantum Theory. In 1986, A. Ashkin proved that he could trap 10nm diameter dielectric particles only using gradient force In 1987, A. Ashkin showed the damage-free manipulation on cells using an infrared laser Arthur Ashkin History Types of OT Single Beam Optical Tweezers Dual beam Optical Tweezers Holographic Optical Tweezers Principles of OT Exert a laser beam to the very small particle, the light will be reflected or refracted from the surface of the particle. The momentum of photon, refracted to the particle, will be changed and by the law of the conservation of the momentum, the force of the variation of momentum will be exerted to the small particle. ? (a) If the particle is to the left, say, of the center of the beam, it will refract more light from the right to the left, rather than vice versa. The net effect is to transfer momentum to the beam in this direction, so, by Newton’s third law, the particle