交通分配预测资料.pptVIP

Week 11 By L. Wu, Faculty of Civil Eng., NFU Section 5 Traffic Assignment第五节 交通分配预测 User Equilibrium System Optimization 用户均衡分配与系统优化分配 The four steps Traffic Generation Traffic Distribution Traffic Modal Split Traffic Assignment The four steps (cont’d) Trip generation: Determine the number of trips originating and terminating in different zones of the study area. Output: trip production attraction. The four steps (cont’d) Mode choice (Modal split): Determine the portion of the total number of trips made between an origin and destination using different transport modes. Output: mode usage rate （方式划分率）. Route choice (Traffic assignment): Allocate OD trips to routes in the transportation network to estimate the resulting volume, travel time and speed, etc. Output: traffic flow on the sections and pattern (路段上的交通流量以及交通方式). Elements of Traffic Assignment Graph representation of the network centroids, links, nodes, connectors Link performance function(s) Principles of route choice Link Performance Functions路阻函数 A mathematical formula representing the travel impedance, level of service of the link As known as link cost function Travel time is the measure used most often. (有时候会考虑距离和固定费用： link distance + fixed costs ) Crucial to traffic assignment Link Performance Functions路阻函数 Expected ‘nice’ properties A convex function － 凸函数 Positive, nonlinear, strictly increasing functions of link flow －是流量的正的，非线性严格递增的函数 The most famous one is the BPR (Bureau of Public Roads) function Link Performance Functions路阻函数 BPR function Link Performance Functions路阻函数 Link Performance Functions路阻函数 Additional Notes… Why convex? For a minimization program, a convex objective function is the sufficient (secondorder) condition for the optimal solution to exist (assuming that the constraint set is a convex set). The Hessian matrix of a convex function is noted as Positive Definite (P.D.). Principles Traffic Assignment交通分配原理 The final step in the modeling process. Vehicle trips from on