土木工程专业外语资料.ppt

土木工程专业外语 Civil Engineering Specialty English 序言(preface) 英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计，科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态结构。 A) A direct current is a current which flows always in the direction. B)A direct current is a current flowing in the same direction. Unit one Civil Engineering Unit Two Building and architecture Unit Three Tall Building 谢 谢！ This is the very book I want. Radio waves are similar to light waves except their wave length is much greater 4、某些副词转译为名词可以使译文更加顺畅 。Internally the earth consist of two parts, a core and a mantles. （三）可译成汉语形容词的情况 1、修饰动词的副词，由于动词转译为名词，因而相应的译为汉语形容词 This waveguide tube is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of structure. 2、修饰形容词的副词，由于形容词转译为名词，因而可相应转译为汉语形容词 Mercury is appreciably volatile even at room temperature. 3、副词作定语修饰名词，译成汉语形容词 The building around are mostly of modern construction. （四）可转译成汉语副词的各种情况 1、修饰名词的形容词，由于名词转译成汉语动词，因而相应的译成汉语副词 We must make full use of the existing technological equipment 2、为了使译文符合汉语表达习惯，有时形容词、动词转译为汉语副词。 二、句子成分转换 （一）主语的转换 2、转换为汉语的谓语。以care, need, attention, emphasis, improvement等名词及名词化结构作主语时 There is a need for improvement in our experimental work. 3、转换为汉语的定语，如果英语句子的某一非主语成分要转换汉语的主语，则和该成分关系密切的原主语就应该翻译为汉语的定语 4、英语有时用地点或时间作主语，此时为了汉语表达习惯，可把此类主语翻译为汉语的状语。 1、转换为汉语宾语，被动句和there be句型的句子翻译往往如此 All sorts of useful things can be produced from coal and oil. There are laws that govern where buildings are placed and to make sure that they are made strong and safe. Warm-blooded animals have a constant body temperature. February 2005 will see the signing of the memorandum of understanding. （二）谓语的转换 ，在翻译中英语句子的谓语一般不作特殊处理，只在某些情况下，英语句子的谓语可以转换为汉语的定语、主语、状语。 A sketch serves to express one’s idea graphically. （三）宾语的转换 2、当英语的某一名词转换为汉语的动词，那么修饰该名词的成分转换为汉语的状语。 2、如果原文的谓语动词不宜作汉语的谓语，而原文的宾语又具有动作意义的名词，那么可以将这个宾语转换为汉语的谓语（原谓语省去不译） 1、转换为汉语谓语。主要是为了突出表达内容。 1、转换为汉语的主语。大概有两种情况：一种是由语态引起的；另一种是出现在常用结构中。英语有以下常用结构：to have a length of …; to have a height of …; to have a density of …; to have a voltage of …; We should have a firm grasp