初中英语构词法课件.pptx

英语构词法英语构词法种类英语构词法主要有三种： 合成、派生与转化。 另外缩写和简写也是构词法的一种。１. 合成 : 有两个或更多的词合成一个词。复合名词　class + room = classroom (名词+名词)black+ board= blackboard (形容词+名词)复合形容词warm + heart + ed = warmhearted 热心肠的good + looking = good-looking 相貌好看的world +wide= worldwide　世界性的hard+ working=hard-working 努力工作的 复合动词　 over + come = overcome克服　(副词+动词)复合数词 fifty+ four= fifty-four复合代词 everyone, somebody, anything, nobody ( 不定代词+名词)复合副词down+ stairs = downstairs在楼下　( 形容词+名词) whole+ heartedly =wholeheartedly 全神贯注地　(副词+副词)2. 派生 : 是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。happy --- unhappydevelop --- development前缀:一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。mis- 错误的 + understand v. 理解 --- misunderstand v. 误解en + large adj. 大的 --- enlarge v. 扩大后缀:一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。care v. 照料 --- careful adj. 细心的work v. 工作 --- worker n. 工人常见的前缀(A)表示否定的前缀： un---unfair,unhappy non----nonsmoker (常用在n. adj. adv. 前) in----inactive (常用在adj.后) dis----disagree, disappear,dislike im----impolite, impossible (用在b,p,m 开头的词前)(B).表示错误或失误的前缀: mis---misunderstand, misdirect(误导)(C)表示两个,双边的前缀： bi- bicolor ( 双色的), bicycle表示相互,　交互,　在一起的前缀　inter—interview, international, internet(E)表示又,再,重新的前缀 re—review, return, rewrite(F)表示远的前缀tele– telephone, television常见的后缀1.动词变名词：-tion educate--education, invite---invitation, predict---prediction-ment development, movement, disappointment-er teacher, worker, runner, singer-orvisitor, sailor, tutor, actor名词后缀补充:-ist ( 人,　名词后缀)science--scientist, terror--terrorist-ese( 民族,语言,名词后缀) Chinese, Japanese2.形容词变名词-ness good—goodness, happy-happiness,busy-business , care—careless--carelessness-ity able--ability, possible--possibility 3.名词变形容词：-y: windy, rainy, healthy, cloudy, funny, sunny-ish:foolish, childish, girlish-some:handsome, troublesome-ous:dangerous, humorous-ful: helpful, careful, peaceful, colorful-less: homeless, helpless, careless,useless-ed surprised, bored,excited,relaxed,interested-ing surprising, boring,exciting,relaxing, interesting, outstanding4.动词变形容词-al:traditional, international, nature--natural5. 名词、形容词变动词：-ify: