Nissanka B. PriyanthaAnit ChakrabortyHari BalakrishnanMIT 课件.ppt

Nissanka B. Priyantha Anit Chakraborty Hari Balakrishnan MIT Lab for Computer Science / The Cricket Location-Support System 精品文档 Motivation Emergence of pervasive computing environments Context-aware applications Location-dependent behavior User and service mobility Navigation via active maps Resource discovery Cricket provides applications information about geographic spaces they are in 精品文档 Design Goals Preserve user privacy Operate inside buildings Recognize spaces, not just physical position Good boundary detection is important Easy to administer and deploy Decentralized architecture and control Low cost and power consumption 精品文档 Traditional Approach Controller/ Location database Base stations ID = u Transceivers Centralized architecture User-privacy issues High deployment cost ID = u ? ID = u ? ID = u ? ID = u ? 精品文档 Cricket Architecture Beacon Listener Space A Space B Space C I am at C Decentralized, no tracking, low cost Think of it as an “inverted BAT”! 精品文档 Determining Distance A beacon transmits an RF and an ultrasonic signal simultaneously RF carries location data, ultrasound is a narrow pulse Velocity of ultra sound velocity of RF RF data (location name) Beacon Listener Ultrasound (pulse) The listener measures the time gap between the receipt of RF and ultrasonic signals A time gap of x ms roughly corresponds to a distance of x feet from beacon 精品文档 Uncoordinated Beacons Multiple beacon transmissions are uncoordinated Different beacon transmissions can interfere Causing inaccurate distance measurements at the listener Beacon A Beacon B time RF B RF A US B US A Incorrect distance 精品文档 Handling Spurious Interactions Combination of three different techniques: Bounding stray signal interference Preventing repeated interactions via randomization Listener inference algorithms 精品文档 Bounding Stray Signal Interference RF range ultrasonic range Ensures an accompanied RF signal with ultrasound t RF A US A 精品文档