美国退役坝拆除背景与原因剖析.pdfVIP

第37卷第1期 水 利 水 电科 技 进 展 2017年1月 Vol.37 No.1 Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources Jan. 2017 DOI:10.3880/ j.issn.1006 7647.2017.01.008 美国退役坝拆除背景与原因剖析 胡苏萍,徐灿灿,李 弘 (南京水利科学研究院,江苏 南京 210029) 摘要:为全面、客观反映美国退役坝拆除的真实情况,通过文献检索和专题调研,在综述美国退役坝 拆除背景及现状的基础上,分析了美国拆坝的主要原因,即环境、安全和经济因素。 案例研究表明,美 国拆坝旨在消除老化坝的安全风险,恢复溯河性鱼类洄游以及节省无成本效益的开支。 水坝退役是 水坝生命周期管理中的一个重要阶段,拆坝并不意味着不能建坝,目前水电仍然是美国最大的可再生 能源电力来源。 美国在水坝退役方面的理念和经验可为我国水库降等与报废管理提供借鉴。 关键词:拆坝;退役坝;河流修复;案例研究;美国 中图分类号:TV698.2 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006 7647(2017)01 0043 07 Anatomy of dam removal in the United States of America/ / HU Suping,XU Cancan,LI Hong(Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China) Abstract:In order to present the actual situation of dam removal in the United States of America(USA) comprehensively and objectively,a reference search and a special survey were carried out. Based on a review of the background and status of dam removal activities,the causes for dam removal in the United States were analyzed,namely environmental,safety, and economicfactors. The cases study showsthat damremoval inthe USA aimsto eliminatethe safety riskof aging dams, restore anadromousfish migration,and save non-cost-effective expenditure. Dam decommissioning is an important stage in dam lifecycle management. Dam removal intheUSAdoesnot operatewiththebelief that damconstructionisunnecessary. Currently,hydropower remains the largest renewable energy source in the USA. The concepts and experience of dam decommissioning in the USA can provide referencesfor reservoir demotion and retirement management in China. Key words:dam removal；decommissioning dams；river restoration；case study；USA 国际大坝委员会(International Commission on 经历了建坝与反坝共存的历史,但资源保护主义与 Large Dams,ICOLD)将