初二下册英语语法归纳 习题 总复习题.doc

直接引语变间接引语 一、如何变人称： 口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新。 “一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： She?said.?My?brother?wants?to?go shopping?with?me.?” →She?said?her?brother wanted?to?go shopping?with?her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： He?said?to?Kate.?How?is?your?sister?now?” →He?asked?Kate?how?her?sister?was?then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： Mr?Smith?said, “Jack?is?a?good?boy.” →Mr?Smith?said?Jack?was?a?good?boy. 二、如何变时态： 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。1) 一般现在时→一般过去时态； She said: “ I am a student. ” → She said (that) she was a student. 2)一般将来时→过去将来时 She?said, He?will?go?to?see?his?friend.” →She?said?he?would?go?to?see?his?friend。 Tom said, “ I am going to play basketball tomorrow.” → Tom said he was going to play basketball tomorrow. 3) 现在进行时→过去进行时； She said ,“I am reading a book.” →She said she was reading a book. 注意：以下几种情况时态 不变 ①直接引语是客观真理。 The?teacher said The?earth?moves?around?the?sun?.” →?The?teacher?said?me?the?earth?moves?around? the?sun?earth. ②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。 Jack?said.?“I was doing chores when Tom came to see me”→Jack?said he was doing chores when Tom came to see him. ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语， 变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Jack?said.?I?was?born?on?April?2l,?1980.?→Jack said?he?was?born?on?April?21,?1980. ④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He?said,?“I?get?up?at?six?every?morning。”?→He?said?he?gets?up?at?six?every?morning. ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变 （例：could,?should,?would,?might） The doctor said, “You should stay in bed for 2 days.” → The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.” 和已经是过去时的形式时， 例： ought?to，?had?better,?used?to Peter?said.?You?had?better?come?here?today.?→Peter?said?I?had?better?go?there?that?day. 三、如何变状语： 直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律， 时间状语由“现在”改为“原来” （例：now变为then,?yesterday变为?the?day?before today变为 that day He said, ”I want to go swimming now. ” → He said he wanted to go swimming then. 地