热质-机械工程学报.PDF

第 45 卷第 3 期 机 械 工 程 学 报 Vol.45 No.3 2009 年 3 月 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Mar. 2009 DOI ：10.3901/JME.2009.03.010 热 质* 过增元 吴 晶 曹炳阳 (清华大学工程力学系 北京 100084) 摘要：热是介质分子无规运动的能量。按爱因斯坦的质能关系式可求得热能所当量的质量，称为热质。从参量热流密度中可 导出热质速度，建立了声子气(热质气) 的状态方程后可求得热质运动的驱动力。鉴于热量在介质中传递本质上是热质在介质 中的运动，所以基于热质守恒与热质动量守恒的热质运动方程，能普适地描述热量传递过程，因此它就是普适导热定律。当 热流密度不是很大时，普适导热定律退化为傅里叶导热定律；当瞬态热流很大但忽略空间惯性力时，普适导热定律退化为 CV(Cattaneo-Vernotte，CV)模型；而当稳态热流密度很大时，普适导热定律退化为有空间惯性力项的稳态导热定律，它表明 稳态导热情况下也会出现非傅里叶导热。 关键词：热质 普适导热定律 非傅里叶导热 中图分类号：TK124 Thermal Mass GUO Zengyuan WU Jing CAO Bingyang (Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084) Abstract ：Heat is the energy of molecules moving randomly. Based on the mass-energy relation in Einstein’s relativity theory, thermal energy has equivalent mass, which is referred to as thermal mass. The velocity of the motion of thermal mass can be extracted from the quantity of heat flux. The driving force of thermal mass motion is obtained by establishing the equation of state of a phonon gas (thermal mass gas). Since the heat conduction is just the motion of the thermal mass in a medium, the momentum conservation equation for thermal mass is a general heat conduction law which can unify the description of heat conductions under various conditions. When the heat flux is not very high, the general heat conduction law will reduce to Fourier’s law. When the heat flux is so high that the spatial inertial force cannot be ignored, the general law will reduce to CV (Cattaneo-Vernotte) model. The general heat conduction law will reduce to a steady state heat conduction law