英语动词的基本形式及练习.doc

英语动词的基本形式及练习 一、概述 动词(verb)是表示动作或状态的词。如：表示动作的动词go,do,write,work,like,enter等；表示状态的动词be,keep,feel,sound 等。 二、动词的分类 1、单个动词和短语动词 根据构词方式，动词分为单个动词和短语动词。 （1）单个动词；由一个单词构成。如；come, go, brush, hope, need等。 If anybody calls, tell them I’m out, and ask them to leave their name and address. 如果有人打电话，告诉他我出去了，请他留下姓名和地址。 The taxi driver often reminds passengers to take their belongings when they leave the car. 出租汽车司机提醒顾客临下车时带走他们的物品。 －Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls? 你认为明星队会打败公牛队吗？－Yes. They have better players, so I expect them to win. 会的。他们有更好的队员，所以我预料他们会赢。 They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance. 他们注视着火车直到消失在远方。 All the leading newspapers reported the trade talks between China and the United States. 各大主要报纸都报道了中美两国贸易谈判的消息。 （2）短语动词：由两个或两个以上单词构成。短语动词常有以下几种组合： ①动词+副词 动词+away, back, out, ahead, forward, aside, up, on, over, off等构成的动词短语，如：set up, put on, give up, bring out, make out等。 “及物动词+副词”相当于一个及物动词；如果其宾语是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间。也可放在副词后面；若其宾语为人称代词，则须把宾语置于动词和副词之间，其后必须有宾语。常见的短语： back up支持，blow up炸毁，call off取消，bring up抚养，cut off切断carry out执行，give away送掉，分发，放弃，泄露，出卖，让步，陷下，find out 查明，hand in上交，give up放弃，look up查找，hand out分发，make up构成，make out认出，point out指出，pick up拣起，put forward提出，put off取消，ring up打电话，put on穿上，set off出发，see off送行，set up建立，set aside留出，宣告无效，take off脱下，take in吸收，受骗 “不及物动词+副词”相当于一个不及物动词，这种动词结构不能接宾语，也不用于被动语态。常见的短语： break down毁掉，制服，压倒，停顿，倒塌，中止，come to 苏醒，die away逐渐消失，drop out退出，give in让步，grow up长大，knock off停工，look out当心，pass away去世，run out 耗尽，show off炫耀，turn up出现，fall through失败，fall out争吵，pass out死，不复存在，blow over结束，come off成功，look up改进，有起色，come out开花，make off逃跑，fall back后退，make up 和好，fall off下降，catch on理解，pull up停下,crop up 发生，出现 We thought the matter over. 或：We thought over the matter.我仔细考虑过这个问题。 She put it on and went out.她穿上它出去了。 而不能：She put on it and went out. News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached. 有消息报道那两个国家的和平谈判没达成任何协议而失败。 We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it worked out very w