直流电机转速分段PID控制的单片机实现.docVIP

沈阳航空工业学院北方科技学院毕业设计（论文） PAGE PAGE IV 沈阳航空航天大学北方科技学院毕业设计（论文） PAGE III 摘 要 本设计采用微控制器AT89S52完成小型直流电机转速的采集、计算、显示、键盘设定等功能。并将非均匀采样情况下的增量式积分分离PID控制算法应用于直流电机的PWM调速，实现了对电机转速的测量和分段控制，解决了通常低采样周期时系统的超调问题。在设计过程中主要包括了以下两个方面的内容：一是直流电动机调速理论的研究及其控制器的理论设计，二是控制电路的仿真和硬件设计。设计结果表明采用分段PID控制具有算法简单快速性能好动态恢复特性快的特点。对调速系统的研究及以后同类系统的设计开发提供了一定的参考。 关键词：直流调速系统；PID控制；AT89S52；PWM Abstract This design uses microcontroller AT89S52 to complete performances such as sampling， calculating， displaying， and keyboard setting of rotational speed for small DC electromotor. Under situation of non-uniform sampling， the increment type integral separation PID control algorithm has been applied in the PWM speed regulation for DC electromotor， which can realize measuring and sectional controlling of the electromotor rotational speed， and has solved the general overshoot problem with low sampling period. The paper mainly includes two aspects. The first aspect is the principle research in the speed regulation system of DC electromotor and design of it. The second aspect is simulation of circuit and hardware design. The results of design have indicated that， with sectional PID controller， the system has features including simple algorithm， good rapidity， fast dynamic recovery performances. The paper offers some consults for researching system of speed regulation and design of similiar system. Key words　DC speed regulation system; PID control; AT89S52; PWM 目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u HYPERLINK \l _Toc265051109 1 绪 论 PAGEREF _Toc265051109 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc265051110 1.1 课题来源及研究背景 PAGEREF _Toc265051110 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc265051111 1.2 直流电动机的发展与现状 PAGEREF _Toc265051111 \h 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc265051112 1.3 直流电机调速系统 PAGEREF _Toc265051112 \h 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc265051113 1.4 数字PID技术概述 PAGEREF _Toc265051113 \h 4 HYPERLINK \l _Toc265051114 1.5 本文内容及章节安排 PAGEREF _Toc265051114 \h 5 HYPERLINK \l _Toc265051115 2 直流电机转速分段PID控制的单片机实现方案 PAGEREF _Toc265051115 \h 6 HYPERLINK \l _Toc265051116 2.1 整体方案设计 PA