circulatory-system循环系统英文资料.pptVIP

Anatomy The circulatory system consists of the heart、vessels and neurohumoral adjustable devices of blood circulation. The heart a four-chambered pump. Its pumping action creates the pressure needed to push blood in the vessels to the lungs as well as to the rest of the body cells. Location of the heart The heart lies obliquely in the mediastinum, between the lungs, inside the thoracic cavity. About 2/3 of the heart is located to the left of the midline. Shape of the heart The heart is a hollow,four chambered muscular organ, which is approximately the size and shape of a clenched fist and weighs about 250-350g in adults. General description of the heart The heart looks like flattened and rounded pyramid that has an apex, a base,two surfaces and three borders(margins). Cardiac apex The cardiac apex is a free, cone-shaped end, which is made up only by the left ventricle.The cardiac apex is located at the level of the left 5thintercostal space and 0.5-1cm medial to the midclavicular line. This location is an important one for clinical purposes；for auscultation as well as for palpation. Chambers of the heart The heart is a four-chambered,double pump,consisting of the right and left atria above and the right and left ventricles below. Right atrium From the right margin of the heart. Receives blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus. Right ventricle Blood from the right atrium passes thought the tricuspid valve to fill the right ventricle. Left atrium located on the posterior aspect of the heart，receives blood from the pulmonary vein Left ventricle The left ventricle receives the blood from the left atrium. These two chambers are separated by the bicuspid (mitral) valve. Structure of the heart Structure of the heart wall endocardium located in the interial surface heart atrium and ventricle wall.consist of every valve of the heart. The place is easily invased by Rheumatic diseases. myocardium the majority