化工工艺_毕业论文正稿.doc

摘 要 聚氯乙烯是世界上最早实现工业化生产的塑料品种之一。由于其具有难燃、抗化学腐蚀、耐磨、电绝缘性优良和机械强度较高等优点，广泛应用于农业、石油化工、轻工、纺织、化学建材、电力、冶金、国防军工、建材、食品加工等国民经济各命脉部门， 在国民经济发展中具有举足轻重的地位。 本次设计对年产6万吨PVC精馏工段进行工艺设计。采用电石乙炔法制取氯乙烯。此法是以电石为原料，电石水解生产乙炔，氯碱生产中产生的氯气和氢气直接合成法合成氯化氢，由乙炔和氯化氢经净化后在转化器中合成粗氯乙烯单体，粗氯乙烯单体经精馏后得到精氯乙烯单体，精氯乙烯单体经悬浮聚合得到PVC。确定了生产方法之后对氯乙烯合成工段、精馏工段进行了物料衡算、热量衡算和设备选型计算。 本文设计的电石乙炔法生产粗氯乙烯在工艺上可满足要求。 关键词：PVC合成；粗氯乙烯精馏；物料衡算；热量衡算；设备选型 Abstract PVC is the worlds first industrial production of the plastic varieties. Because it has difficult to burn, the anti-chemical etching, wear-resisting, the electric insulation fine and the mechanical strength higher merit, Widely applies in national economy various lives departments and so on agriculture, petroleum chemical industry, light industry, spinning and weaving, chemistry building materials, electric power, metallurgy, national defense war industry, building materials, food processing, Has the pivotal status in the national economy development. The design of an annual output of 60,000 tons of PVC section for distillation process design. Preparation of the use of calcium carbide acetylene perchlorethylene. This method is based on calcium carbide as raw materials, the production of calcium carbide hydrolysis acetylene, chlor-alkali production of chlorine and hydrogen produced by the direct synthesis of hydrogen chloride synthesis from acetylene and hydrogen chloride by water in the coarse converter in the synthesis of vinyl chloride monomer, vinyl chloride single rough After the body has been refined by the distillation of vinyl chloride monomer and refined by the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer to be PVC. Methods to determine the production section of the synthesis of vinyl chloride, distillation section to the material balance, heat balance calculation and selection of equipment. This article designs the calcium carbide acetylene law produces the thick vinyl chloride to be possible to satisfy the request in the craft. Key word: PVC synthesis; vinyl chlor