不同穗型小麦品种小花发育与结实特性研究南京农业大学学报.pdf

南京农业大学学报 　2000 , 23 (4) : 9～12 　 Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University 不同穗型小麦品种小花发育与结实特性研究 王兆龙 　曹卫星 　戴廷波 　周琴 (南京农业大学农业部作物生长调控重点开放实验室 , 南京 210095) 摘要 　以97 鉴 1 、扬麦 158 和河南 8679 为代表基因型 , 研究了特大穗型、大穗型和小穗型小麦品种在小花发育与结实特 性上的差异。结果显示 , 小麦小花的分化动态符合二次曲线方程模式 , 小花的退化动态符合一次方程模式 , 不同穗型品 种在方程参数上有明显区别。特大穗型小麦小花分化速率快 , 每穗分化小花数多 , 形成的可孕小花数和结实粒数最多。 不同穗型小麦的小穗结实率、小花结实率和可孕花结实率均为穗型越大 , 结实率越高 , 其中以可孕花结实率的级差最为 明显。不同穗型小麦的强势位小花在结实特性上差异较小 , 但弱势位小花依穗型不同有明显的级差。特大穗型和大穗型 小麦在幼穗分化后期输入穗中的干物质相对较多 , 穗茎比较高 , 因而穗中较高的干物质输入是大穗形成的物质基础。 关键词 　小麦 ; 小花发育 ; 结实 ; 基因型差异 ; 物质分配 分类号 　S512101 Characteristics of floret development and grain set in three wheat genotypes of different spike sizes Wang Zhaolong , Cao Weixing , Dai Tingbo and Zhou Qin ( Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation , Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing Agric Univ , Nanjing 210095) ABSTRACT 　The characteristics of floret development and grain set in three wheat genotypes of different spike sizes were studied in the Experiment Station of Nanjing Agricultural University. The dynamic of floret initiation in all three genotypes showed quadratic rising curve , and floret degeneration showed the linear decrease with the growingdegreedays ( GDD) after sowing. Genotypic difference was in the pa rameters of the equations. The bigger the spike size , the faster the floret initiation rate , which initiated more florets per spike , and pro duced more fertile florets and grains. The genotypic difference also observed in spikelet set ratio and grain/ floret ratio , especially in grain/ fertile floret ratio. The difference was based on the development of upper florets in spikelets (ie. the third or