化学的今天与明天.pptVIP

Chemistry：Today and Tomorrow 化学的今天与明天 ——The Central ,Useful ,and Creative Science ——一门中心的、实用的和创造性的科学 PREFACE Chemistry is one of the oldest sciences, and it has certainly been one of the most productive in improving human life. The industries that use chemistry to manufacture products—the chemical process industries—are the largest segment of manufacturing in advanced societies. 化学是最古老的科学之一。在改变人类生活方面，它 也是最有成效的科学之一。应用化学于生产产品的工业—— 化学过程工业——在先进社会的生产中占有最大的份额。 To study this course, I do not assume that you have taken any course in chemistry, but I believe that at some point you have learned that “chemicals” consist of molecules made up of atoms of the elements. For example, a molecule of water contains two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen, hence the formula H2O. These atoms are linked together by chemical bonds. 学习这门课程，并不要求事先学过任何化学课程，但我 相信你们以前一定学过“化学物品”是由元素的原子结合成的 分子组成的。例如，一个水分子含有两个氢原子和一个氧原 子，因此化学式为H2O。这些原子之间以化学键相联结。 This course is organized so that the early part deals mainly with the practical contributions that chemistry makes, and will make in the future, to civilized life. The later part of this course tells a bit about how chemists make these contributions. As in all of the chapter, it indicates a future in which new generations of chemists will be making the contributions. 这门课程是这样安排的：前面一部分主要涉及化学对文 明生活所做的和将要做的贡献；后面一部分则讲一点化学家 是如何做出这些贡献的。像其他各章一样，它指出了新一代 的化学家将可能有所贡献的未来。 CONTENTS Introduction to Chemistry :The Central ,Useful ,and Creative Science 化学是一门中心的、实用性的和创造性的科学 The Chemistry of Health and Life 健康和生命的化学 More About Chemistry as the Useful Science 再谈化学是一门实用的科学 Chemistry and the Environment 化学与环境 Computers and Chemistry ,and the Electronics Revolution 计算机与化学——电子学的革命 Catalysis in Living Organisms and in Industry 在生物体和工业中的催化作用 How Chemists Create New Molecules 化学家怎样创造新分子 Understanding Molecular Structures and Chemical Change 认识分子结构和化学变化 Chapter 1: I