无机化学术语II.ppt

Molecular geometry is the two- or three-dimensional arrangement in space of the atoms in a molecule. A bond angle is the angle between the bonds that join two atoms to a third atom. In both valence bond theory and molecular orbital theory, nuclei are pictured描绘as attracted to an area of high electron density located along the line between the two nuclei--the bond axis. At the same time, the bonding electrons are attracted by both nuclei. Valence bond theory describes bond formation as the interaction, or overlap, of atomic orbitals. All bonds in which the region of highest electron density surrounds the bond axis, are called ? bonds (sigma bonds). Hybridization is the mixing of the atomic orbitals on a single atom to give a new set of orbitals, called hybrid orbitals, on that atom. Only one ? bond can form between any two atoms. Multiple covalent bonds arise when p or d orbitals on atoms that are ? bonded to each other also overlap. ? bonds concentrate electron density above and below the bond axis and always have a plane of zero electron density passing through the bond axis. (?-Bond formation can result from the interaction of p and p, p and d, and d and d orbitals. ) 24. isomers, structural isomers, cis-trans isomerism (geometric isomerism), cis isomers, trans isomers 异构体，结构异构体，顺-反异构 (几何异构) ， 顺式异构体,反式异构体） Compounds that differ in molecular structure but have the same molecular formula are called isomers. Structural isomers have the same molecular formula, but differ in how the atoms are bonded to each other. In cis-trans isomerism, or geometric isomerism, atoms or groups are arranged in different ways on either side of a double bond or some other rigid刚性的bond, such as that in a cyclic compound. In cis isomers the groups under consideration are on the same side of a double bond or other rigid structure. In trans isomers the groups under consideration are on opposite sides. 四、答疑 一般情况下，争对学生提出的问题进行个别答疑。 预习内容：