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Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Oils (HDEO)重型柴油机机油 Topics题目 Engine Oil Fundamentals机油的基本概念 Current HDEO Specifications目前重型柴油机机油的规格 OEM Recommendations 原始设备制造商推荐 API CI-4PLUS API CJ-4 Engine Oil Fundamentals机油的基本概念 Engine Oil Functions机油的作用 Lubricate润滑 Reduce friction wear减少摩擦和磨损 Cool冷却 Carry away heat消除热量 Clean清洁 Prevent deposit buildup防止污垢产生 Seal密封 Piston rings, valve guides, crankshaft seals活塞环、气门导管、机轴密封 Protect against rust and corrosion保护机器，防止锈蚀和腐蚀 Types of Engine Oils机油种类 Important Engine Oil Properties机油重要性质 Viscosity粘度 Viscosity Index粘度指标 Oxidation Stability氧化稳定性 Dispersancy分散性 Detergency去污力 Antiwear防磨损能力 TBN总碱值 Sulfated Ash硫酸化灰份 Viscosity粘度 Viscosity Index (VI)粘度指数 Since Higher VI oils change viscosity less with changes in temperature, they can be used over a wider temperature range粘度指数越高，油品粘度随温度变化更小；粘度指数高的油品可以在比较大的温度范围内正常使用． They do not thin out as much at high temperatures比较不会在高温环境下变稀 To a lesser extent, they do not thicken as much at low temperatures也比较不会在低温环境下变稠 Viscosity must be low enough to flow at low temperatures, but thick enough to prevent metal-to-metal contact at high temperatures粘度必须适中，在低温环境下能够流动，在高温环境下能有效降低金属间摩擦 Oxidation Stability氧化稳定性 High quality base oils have inherent oxidation stability which may be enhanced with additives (oxidation inhibitors)高质量基础油具有天然氧化稳定性，在添加添加剂后，稳定性进一步增强． Oxidation stability minimizes 氧化稳定性尽可能降低 Viscosity increase粘度的增加 Bearing corrosion轴瓦腐蚀 Varnish and lacquer deposits清漆沉淀 Despersancy/Detergency分散性和去污力 Contaminants are kept in suspension until the oil is drained分散污染物直至油品被排放 Since additives are depleted over time, over- extending oil drain intervals results in deposit formation 添加剂耗尽后，长久未能进行油排放的将形成污垢。 Antiwear防止磨损 Wear protection is 磨损保护 Partly achieved by using oil with proper viscosity (one that provides adequate bearing oil film thickness at operating temperature)一方面，依靠使用适当粘度的油品（在工作正常温度条件下，能够在轴承间形成适当厚度的油膜的） Enhanced by antiwear additives另一方面，利用防磨损添加剂 Zinc dithiophosphate is the most comm