大气中的准地转运动.pdf

• – – • • • • • • 20 • 1922 • 1946 • • 1950 ENIVAC 500 24 • • A primary goal of dynamic meteorology is to interpret the observed structure of large-scale atmospheric motions in terms of the physical laws governing the motions. These laws, which express the conservation of momentum, mass, and energy, completely determine the relationships among the pressure, temperature, and velocity elds. These governing laws are quite complicated even when the hydrostatic approximation (which is valid for all large-scale meteorological systems) is applied. For extratropical synoptic-scale motions, however, the horizontal velocities are approximately geostrophic. Such motions, which are usually referred to as quasi- geostrophic, are simpler to analyze than are tropical disturbances or planetary scale disturbances. They are also the major systems of interest in traditional short-range weather forecasting, and are thus a reasonable starting point for dynamical analysis. (Holton 2004) • – • – – • – +—— • – 500hPa 850hPa • •