高温气冷反应堆设计的新概念.doc

PAGE PAGE 6 高温气冷反应堆设计的新概念 田嘉夫 （清华大学核能技术设计研究院，北京100084） 摘要：高温气冷堆能够高效率发电和供应高温工艺用热。其模块化设计有两种类型，即柱状燃料堆和球形燃料堆。本文提出了一种新颖的模块式高温气冷堆的概念设计，它的堆芯是由燃料球的规则堆积床构成，不同于现有的这两种堆型。规则床中的燃料球在平面上成正方形排列，四个球的中心是次一层球的位置，形成正四棱锥堆积。当燃料球从顶部落入被做成一定几何形状的堆芯空腔时，就形成规则堆积。同样燃料球也将从顶部开孔卸出。规则床堆与其它模块化设计一样，其堆芯形状能够允许向外界非能动冷却，并且保持最高燃料温度在安全范围内。但规则床堆却能够提高输出功率和降低堆芯压降，同时兼有球形燃料堆和柱状燃料堆的主要优点。 关键词：模块式高温气冷堆；卵石床；规则床；球形燃料堆；柱状燃料堆 A Novel Concept of the High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor Design Tian Jiafu （Institute of nuclear energy technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084,China） Abstract: The High Temperature Gas Reactor (HTGR) can offer a high-efficiency electricity production and a broad range of process heat application. The reactor core type of the modular design can be a prismatic block or a pebble bed core. This paper presents a novel conceptual design of the modular HTGR in which the reactor core is filled with an ordered packing bed of fuel spheres and different from the existing two types. The ordered beds are packed in a pyramid geometry in which the unit cell layer is formed by four fuel spheres lying at the corners of a square, and the individual spheres in subsequent layers fill the cusps formed by them. This arrangement allows fuel elements to be poured into the core cavity which is shaped so that an ordered bed is formed and to be discharged from the core through the opening holes in the reactor top. The core geometry of the ordered bed reactor as a modular design is such that passive cooling to the environment and maximum fuel temperatures are kept within safe limits. However the ordered bed reactor is allowed to increase reactor output power and decrease core pressure drop as well as having most of the advantages of both the pebble bed reactor and block type reactor. Key words：Modular HTGR; pebble bed; ordered bed; pebble bed reactor; block type reactor 高温气冷反应堆的技术进展 气体冷却反应堆与水冷却反应堆一样是最早开发研究的堆型之一。初期由二氧化碳气体冷却的这种反应堆在发电的同时还生产裂变元素钚，但与水冷堆不同，它没有在商用发电和潜艇核动力领域得到广泛应用。经过几十年的研究发展，气冷堆与水冷堆相比显现出许多优越性能。其中大