东华大学机械原理课件 机械的平衡.ppt

The Theory of Machines and Mechanisms Chapter 6. Balancing of Machinery Sun Zhihong Zhsun@dhu.edu.cn108 Today’s Topics Purposes of balancing Methods of balancing Balancing of rigid disk-like rotors Static balancing Dynamic balancing Purposes of Balancing Making machine element’s center of mass coincide with their rotating centers Method of Balancing Balancing of rotors Balancing of mechanisms Balancing of Rotors What is rotor? Any link or machine member that is in pure rotation is called rotor. Rigid rotors If the rotating frequency of a rotor is less than (0.6~0.75)nC1 ( the rotor’s first resonant共振 frequency)，the rotor is supposed to have no deformation during rotation, it is called rigid rotor. Balancing of Rotors Flexible rotors If the working rotating frequency of the rotor is higher than (0.6~0.75)nc1,then the rotor will have large elastic deformation due to the imbalance during rotation. The elastic deformation makes the eccentricity larger than the original one. So that a new imbalance factor is added and the balancing problem become more serious and complicated. Such rotor is called flexible rotor. Types of Rigid Rotor Disk-like rigid rotor: The axial dimension B is smaller compared to the diameter D ( usually B/D≤0.2 ) The mass of such rotors are assumed practically lie in a common transverse plane. Such as cams, gears, pulleys, flywheels, fans, grinding wheels, impellers, etc. Types of Rigid Rotor Non-disk like rotor: when B/D0.2, such as camshafts, spindles in machine tools(机床), axels of electric motors, etc. Balancing of Disk-like Rotor - Static balance/single plane balance A rigid rotor rotates with a constant angular velocity ω. Due to some reasons, there are three unbalance masses m1, m2, m3 at radial distance r1, r2, r3. Centrifugal forces produced by m1, m2, m3 are miriω2. All centrifugal forces Fi in this disk-like rotor are planar and concurrent. If ∑Fi=0, then the mass center of the system coincides with the shaft center and