聊城大学计算机学院计算机操作系统（1）英文课件 Chapter15.ppt

Distributed Process Management Chapter 15 Process Migration Transfer of sufficient amount of the state of a process from one computer to another The process executes on the target machine Motivation Load sharing Move processes from heavily loaded to lightly load systems Communications performance Processes that interact intensively can be moved to the same node to reduce communications cost May be better to move process to where the data reside when the data is large Motivation Availability Long-running process may need to move because the machine it is running on will be down Utilizing special capabilities Process can take advantage of unique hardware or software capabilities Initiation of Migration Operating system When goal is load balancing Process When goal is to reach a particular resource What is Migrated? Must destroy the process on the source system and create it on the target system Process image and process control block and any links must be moved Example of Process Migration Example of Process Migration What is Migrated? Eager (all):Transfer entire address space No trace of process is left behind If address space is large and if the process does not need most of it, then this approach my be unnecessarily expensive What is Migrated? Precopy: Process continues to execute on the source node while the address space is copied Pages modified on the source during precopy operation have to be copied a second time Reduces the time that a process is frozen and cannot execute during migration What is Migrated? Eager (dirty): Transfer only that portion of the address space that is in main memory and have been modified Any additional blocks of the virtual address space are transferred on demand The source machine is involved throughout the life of the process What is Migrated? Copy-on-reference: Pages are only brought over when referenced Has lowest initial cost of process migration Flushing: Pages are cleared from main memory by flushing dirty pages to disk R