兰州大学检体诊断学课件 绪论.ppt

Physical Dignostics 检体诊断学 Part 1: PREAMBLE 绪论 Contents of the class Definition and introduction A beginning; A basement; A piece of prelude; A bridge. 诊断学的定义： 是论述诊断疾病的基础理论,基本技能和基本方法的一门学科, 是临床各科的基础, 学习临床各学科的前奏， 是基础医学与临床医学的桥梁课. How did doctors deal with patients Contents of the class The main contents of diagnostics history taking symptoms and signs physical examinations laboratory examinations assistant examinations Write-up Principles and methods to make diagnosis Symptom Abnormal (uncomfortable) feeling because of any disease Subjective: pain, palpitation, constipation Subjective and objective: fever, abdominal mass, faint How to description layman’s language no medical terms Sign Abnormal findings detected by physical examination Differentiate normal and abnormal Clinical significance of signs Signs in what disease (Disease: what signs) Probability: how common ? The four cardinal principles of physical examination Inspection Palpation Percussion Auscultation TCM: 望、闻、问、切，识病之要道也。 　　望，以目查，就是用眼睛看。　　闻，以耳占，就是用耳朵听。　　问，以言审，就是用嘴巴问。　　切，以指参，就是把脉！ Contents of the class How did doctors deal with patients The main points of learning diagnostics How to contact with patients? How to take history of cases? How to do the physical examination? How to make diagnosis? Logical thought of medicine Verification and adjusted the primary diagnosis Verification of patient’s data Arrange the proper chemical examination and assistant examination Observe the development of a disease Reconfirm the diagnosis The basic principles of clinical thinking The principle of realistic The principle of “monism” Taking diagnosis according the morbidity and spectrum of a disease Organic disease first and functional disease second The principle of “ simplify “ Order of general clinical diagnosis 1、Etiological diagnosis 2、Pathological diagnosis 3、Pathophysiological diagnosis 4、Typing and staging of disease 5、The diagnosis of complication 6、The diagnosis of accompany disea