美国联邦政府对各科学领域研究投入变化情况研究-情报学专业毕业论文.docxVIP

美国联邦政府对各科学领域研究投入变化情况研究 美国联邦政府对各科学领域研究投入变化情况研究 摘要 本文主要分析了20世缌70年鼗以来美国联帮政府对备科学领蠛研究投入 的变化情况，以总缩其发展变化的内在规律，从中得找对我国科学研究投入的 启示。文章前言阐述了撰写本文的缘由和霄关豹臀蒙情况。第一章麓要介绍7 本文的分析框架和研究方法。第二章详细分析了1970年默柬美国联瘁致府对各 萃i}学顿域骚褒投入约变化壤提彝主要联邦政痰都门媛究投入熬变化情况投变化 的动圆。分板指出，就科学领域丽嘉，生命科学、数学和计算机科学(主要是 计算机科学)的研究经费占联邦研究总经费的比重持续上升，工程学和物质科 学所占}E重丈幅下降，环境科学所占院重基本上没裔交化；就资助研究的6个 主要政府部门丽言，卫生和久类服务部、能源部、国家科学基金会等3个帮门 农联邦研究总经赞中所占份额上鼹，国骁郝、国家航空舷天局、农业部所占份 额下降a第三章攫撰了美国联邦政骑科学研究投入麴演变对我国的三点启承： 根据形势变化调艇政府对各科学领域的研究投入、集中使用研究经费、研究经 赞的投入应体现民率愚憩。文章最螽篱簧褥爱本文管涉及德没有最汗论述麴豆 个闷题。 美键掘：联籁政府辩学领域研究投入变让 Studies Studies on Changes of U．S，Federal Funding for Research by Field Abstract This paper studies the changes and trends of U．S．Federal funding for research in various science and engineering fields since 1970。It aims tO explore the internal rules of U．S．Federal research funding by field．SO[IS tO draw some meaningful inspirations for Chilla’S science enterprise development．n地introduction tells background for氆e theme choice+强e first chapter describes the analysis firamework and main study methods．ne second chapter describes shifits in SCience and engineering field shares of total Federal research obligations and changes in the contributions of key funding agencies tO壕e Federal research eflbft as well鑫s their causes over the past three decades．It finds that,in terms of science and engineering fields，shares for the life sciences，mathematical and computer sciences(primarily也e computer sciences)kept incrcased，while shares for氇e engineering and physical sciences declined significantly,and shares for the environmental sciences were roughly constant；in terms ofkey funding agencies，HI-IS，DOE and NSF experienced increased shares of Federal science and engineering obligations．while DOD。NASA and USDA saw decreases．111e third chapter draws three inspirations for Chinese government,that is reguming research priorities in accordance with national and intemational situations．focusing limited research funds on promising and significant science and engineer