棉花远缘杂交后代种质材料特异性鉴定与分析-农业推广·棉花遗传育种专业毕业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 远缘杂交是人工合成新种与新种质的重要手段。通过远缘杂交，可以把不同物 种的有益性状进行重新组合，创造出近缘杂交所无法得到的优异特性，为选育突破 品种开创新途径。利用陆地棉分别与中棉、阿拉伯棉、阔叶棉、海岛棉、毛棉、辣 根棉、非洲草棉以及与转研基因材料进行二元和多元杂交，通过对杂交后代的多年 自交及选育，培育出一批农艺性状较为稳定的种质材料品系。 分别对这些材料进行了开花期、子棉产量，单铃重、衣分、皮棉产量等产量相 关因子分析，对有关纤维品质的纤维长度、整齐度、比强度、伸长率、麦克隆值等 性状进行测定并对棉花抗红铃虫、抗叶螨、抗枯萎病等抗逆性状进行了调查。结果 显示来自远缘杂交后代的单铃重、衣分等影响产量的因子普遍偏低，而纤维品质相 等性状都有一定的提高。对材料间的抗性研究表明具厨抗虫基因血源的选系和 6x(陆地棉X雷蒙地棉)X陆地棉系的抗逆性相对较好。综合纤维品质、产量和抗性表 现，有4个材料具有优良的综合性状，分别是2103、2133、2139和2127号材料。 其中一份来自转研基因的材料，两份为6x(陆地棉X雷蒙地棉k陆地棉远缘杂交后 代，～份来自4X(q棉x阿拉伯棉)×陆地棉材料。本实验表明通过远缘杂交来培育优 良种质材料是有效的。通过远缘杂交，可以获得抗性优良和纤维品质好的种质材料， 从而丰富我国棉花的种质资源。针对远缘杂交后代材料中普遍的单铃重低、子指和 衣分低等特点可采用与陆地棉回交等方法对其进一步的改良与选择以获得高产、优 质材料。同时对影响实验结果的一些操作进行了讨论。 关键词：棉花，远缘杂交，纤维品质，抗逆性，产量 AbstractInterspecies Abstract Interspecies cross is all important method tO produce new species and new germplasm,and through interspecies cross some beneficial characters recombination which could not be obtained from general hybridization would be realized．So it would provide materials for breaking through in cotton breeding．Interspecies crosses of two species or three species between Gossypium hirsutum with G arboreum,G stocksij， Gossypium hirsutum‘race latifolinm’．G barbadense,G raimondii,G tomentosura,G armourianum,G herbaceum and lines ofBt transformation were finished and the offspring were self-cross and cultivated for years．And some germplasm with stable agronomic traits wcre selected in this study． Analysis were applied in factors which influenced coRon yield like following time， seed cotton yield，weight of boll，lint percentage．The quality of fiber was evaluated through test characters like length，consistency，specific strength，tensibility and micronaire value．Moreover,investigations were applied in resistance to pink bollworm， spider mite and fusarium wilt of these materials．The results showed factors like the i weight of boll，lint percentage which affected yield were lower in offspring．But the quailty ofthe fiber was improved in general．Material from lines ofBt transformation and lin