基于超声波传感器的水流量计的设计学士学位论文.doc

山东科技大学学士学位论文 PAGE 摘要 目前，我国家庭用水的计量多采用机械旋翼式水表，这种水表存在精度低等缺点。本文设计了一种基于超声波技术的适合家用的水流量计，具有精度高、操作简单、低成本等优点。 本设计的主要工作有两个方面：一是硬件设计，二是软件设计。硬件设计系统选用了高精度时间间隔测量芯片TDC-GP2用于时间测量，以及控制发射脉冲，以超低功耗的MSP430F427单片机作为系统的核心，用于控制及计算处理。结合超声流量计阀值比较模型和超声波信号过零点不受其电压幅度变化影响的优点，提出了过零阀值比较模型，阀值比较模型可以有效去除接收换能器接收到超声波信号之前的干扰信号，而超声波过零点不随其电压幅度变化而变化，结合两者的优点可以有效抑制静态时间差变化很大的范围。同时设计了脉冲计数电路，消除了部分干扰。采用GP2通过芯片，与传统的高速计数器相比，具有极高的精度，并可以在1MHz的频率下完成电路，避免了高频电路的干扰等复杂问题，有效提高流量计测量精度和稳定性。在设计软件时，为提高时间测量精度，消除干扰，设置了有效时间区间，无效时间，减少了干扰的影响。为降低功耗，间断性关断放大器电源，节省了电池电量，延长了更换电池的周期。 关键词：时差式超声波流量计；低功耗；精度；MSP 山东科技大学学士学位论文 Abstract At present, most household water flow meters in our country is Mechanical rotor-type, but this type of water meters low accuracy existing shortcomings. This paper introduces a design of ultrasonic technology based on suitable for household water flow meter, with high precision, simple operation, low cost, etc. This design main job has two aspects: one is the hardware design, and the second is the design of software. Hardware design systems use the high precision time-interval measurement chip TDC for measuring time-GP2, and control the firing pulse, with low power consumption of MSP430F427 single chip microcomputer as the core of the system to control and calculation processing. Combining ultrasound flow meter threshold is model and the ultrasonic signal zero from its voltage amplitude change the advantages of influence, and puts forward the zero threshold is model, threshold model can effectively remove is receiving receivers ultrasonic signal to the disturbance signal before, and with the ultrasonic zero voltage amplitude variation and change, combined with the advantages of both static time difference can effectively restrain the scope of the big changes. At the same time the pulse counts circuit design, eliminate some of the interference. GP2 use internal propagation delays of signals through gates to measure propagation time of system. The GP2 through the chip, and traditional high-speed counter, it