玛纳斯河流域植物物种多样性及其对土壤环境的响应-作物栽培学与耕作学专业毕业论文.docxVIP

II II 关键词：玛纳斯河流域；绿洲；逆境生理；土壤环境；植物多样性； Abstract The balance of oasis ecosystem is the key question with extensive human activities. Nature plants diversity and the influencing factors, has becoming a main question about vegetation community ecology in desert ecosystem. This paper took Shihezi oasis of Manas River Valley as a case. We using field investigation and laboratory analysis， to climate and soil distribution, to the physiological property of common species, and then to nature vegetation species diversity and its affection by environments, while to niches of the main population and response to environmental change on the soil. Then the thesis provides theoretical and referential guidance for nursing and restoration of nature vegetation. The result shows: Average air temperature of month, effective accumulative temperature and rainfall in plant growing season have the territorial distribution .Then soil physicochemical and biological factors have the same change. Ecotone communities have the biggest species diversity, where species richness index (R2), Simpson index (D), Shannon-Wianer index (H), Pielou evenness index (Jsw) were 2.19, 0.88, 0.96, 0.96. And the alluvial fan edge communities have the smallest R2、D、H were 1.57, 0.79, 0.81. The relationship between the soil moisture and species diversity index D is significantly negative. And the relationship between the conductivity of soil and species diversity index R2, D are significantly negative. Soil salinity and water is the key factor of plant diversity in this regional. Tamarix hispida, Salsola collina and Ceratocarpus arenarius have bigger niche breadth ( 0.5), and are dominate species. And this three palntes have greater proportion of niche similarity with eather other. So they have the similar demands on resources. The remaining is non-dominant species .Vegetation with more niche similarity on level of soil salinity indicated strong salt-tolerant species in the study area. The same habitats, Tamarix h