基于单片机的步进电机控制系统的设计_毕业设计论文.DOC

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT VI 毕业设计论文 基于单片机的步进电机控制系统的设计 摘 要 步进电机是一种通过电脉冲信号控制相绕组电流实现定角转动的机电元件，与其他类型电机相比具有易于开环精确控制、无积累误差等优点，在众多领域中获得了广泛的应用。为了得到性能优良的控制结果，出现了很多步进电机控制系统，其中采用单片机作为控制核心的控制系统得到了广泛的应用。很多这种控制系统在步进电机的驱动上已经做的非常好，比如细分驱动技术，但是有的系统比较复杂，和一些相对比较简单的控制过程不相吻合，投入上也不经济;有的系统在操作上不是很方便，交互性不强。 因此本文的研究内容就是设计一套硬件系统较简单、经济，但功能较为齐全，适应性强，操作方便，可靠性高的，能够有机地把电子技术、单片机技术、电机的控制技术结合起来步进电机控制系统。本文首先简要描述了步进电机的发展、应用情况、以及常见的控制系统采用的方案，常见的驱动技术，而且还分析了步进电机的工作原理，然后以单片机为主控制器提出了整个系统的硬件设计方案，在此基础上对各个模块的电路进行详细的设计，接着阐述了步进电机软件控制开发的流程。 关键词:步进电机 单片机 看门狗 驱动技术 ABSTRACT Stepping motor is a kind of controlled by electrical pulse signal phase winding current to achieve fixed angle rotating electromechanical components, compared with other types of motor control with easy-to-open-loop precision, no accumulation of error of the advantages, has been widely used in many fields. In order to obtain good control performance results, there has been a lot of stepping motor control system, which adopts singlechip as the control of the control system has been widely applied. A lot of this control system has been in the drive of step motor is very good, such as subdivision driving technology, but some of the system is more complex, and some relatively simple control process do not coincide, investment is not the economy; some systems in the operation is not very convenient, do not have a strong interaction. So the research contents of this thesis is to design a set of hardware system is simple, economic, but the function is complete, strong adaptability, convenient operation, high reliability, can organically integrate electronic technology, single chip technology, motor control technology of stepping motor control system. This paper briefly describes the development of the scheme, the stepper motor applications, as well as the common control system, driving technology is common, but also analyzed the working principle of stepping motor, and then by the microcontroller. The hardware design scheme of the system, detaile