水下固体壁面湍流边界层流场测试方法-科研之友.PDF

水下固体壁面湍流边界层流场测试方法 胡海豹，杜鹏，宋东，王鹰，黄苏和 (西北工业大学 航海学院，西安 710072) 摘 要：研究了基于热线测速技术的水下固体壁面湍流边界层流场测试方法，并从稳定低速流实现、探针杆密封及探针测距 等方面给出提高测试水平的可行措施。首先搭建起一套由水箱、稳定段、收缩段、实验段、电磁流量计等组成的重力式低速 水槽系统，实现了 0~1.0m/s 水速范围内连续可调的稳定流场，其中心湍流度低于 2.5% ；然后采用探针杆密封滑筒和双组密 封套等部件，实现 3m 水压下的动密封；还利用经纬仪角度测量原理，总结出一种基于光学经纬仪的探针与固体壁面间距离 的精确测量方法，测量误差小于0.3% ；而在时均速度的无量纲处理中，则采用基于普朗特-尼库拉兹经验公式的摩擦系数经 验计算方法，来替代壁面摩擦系数的试验测量。测试结果表明，该套测试方法能够有效克服水下边界层测试的诸多困难，准 确得到水下湍流边界层内过渡层、对数律层及尾流层等区域的流场特性，具备用于水下固体壁面边界层流场测试的能力。 关键词：湍流；边界层；固体壁面；热线；经纬仪 中图分类号: O357 Turbulent boundary layer testing technique over a solid surface under water HU Hai-bao, DU Peng, SONG Dong, WANG Ying, HUANG Su-he (College of Marine, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072) Abstract: Based on the hot wire anemometer system, we carried out lots of experiments about turbulent boundary layer testing technique over a solid surface under water. Several feasible methods of improving testing levels were provided, such as realization of stable low speed flow, pressurization of water probe and the distance measurement between probe and solid surface, and so on. Firstly, a gravitational low speed flume system was designed, which consisted of water tank, stability part, shrinking part, experimental part and electromagnetism flux measuring instrument, etc., and the continuous water flow field condition with a speed range from 0 to 1.0m/s was gained, in which the turbulent intensity was no more than 2.5%. Then the pressurization under 3 meters water pressure was obtained by using water probe pole and two-layer pressurization cushion. Based on the angle measurement of an optical theodolite, a measurement method of distance between probe and solid surface was acquired whose measuring err