新世纪大学英语综合教程4unit4课文逐段翻译.pdfVIP

Unit 4 Text A |工作、劳动和玩耍 Work, Labor, and Play 威斯坦 H··奥登 Preface We go to work every day and we think we are workers. However, after reading Audens discussion about work, labor, and play, the majority of us may find that we are no longer workers. What are we then? 就我所知，汉娜 ·阿伦特小姐是界定工作和劳动之间本质区别的第一人。一个人要想快乐， 第一要有自由感， 第二要确信自己有价值。 如果社会迫使一个人去做他自己不喜欢的事， 或 者说， 他所喜欢做的事被社会忽视， 看作没有价值或不重要， 那他就不会真正快乐。在一个 严格意义上已废除奴隶制的社会里， 一个人做的事情是否具有社会价值取决于他是否为完成 此项工作得到了报酬。 然而， 今天的劳动者可以被称为名副其实的工资奴隶。 如果社会给一 个人提供一份他本人不感兴趣的工作， 他出于养家糊口的需要不得已才从事这项工作， 那这 个人就是一个劳动者。 So far as I know, Miss Hannah Arendt was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor. To be happy, a man must feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance. In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished , whether what a man does has social value depends on whether he is paid money to do it, but a laborer today can rightly be called a wage slave. A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family. 与劳动相对的是玩耍。玩游戏时，我们能从中得到乐 趣，否则就不会玩这个游戏。但这完 全是一种私人的活动，我们玩不玩这个游戏社会是不会关注的。 The opposite to labor is play. When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, otherwise we should not play it, but it is a purely private activity; society could not care less whether we play it or not. 处在劳动和玩耍之间的是工作。 如果一个人对社会为他支付报酬的工作感兴趣， 他就是一个 工作者