2020版高考一轮复习化学江苏专版练习：专题七 阶段验收·点点清 .doc免费

[基础排查回顾] 一、重要反应必背 (1)CH3CH2Cl―→CH2===CH2 ________________________________________________________________________ (2)CH3CH2OH―→CH2===CH2 ________________________________________________________________________ (3)CH3CH2OH―→CH3CHO ________________________________________________________________________ (4)CH3CH2OH和CH3COOH生成乙酸乙酯 ________________________________________________________________________ (5)OHC—CHO―→HOOC—COOH ________________________________________________________________________ (6)乙二醇和乙二酸生成聚酯 ________________________________________________________________________ (7)乙醛和银氨溶液的反应 ________________________________________________________________________ (8)乙醛和新制Cu(OH)2悬浊液的反应 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ (14)酯在碱性条件的水解(以乙酸乙酯在NaOH溶液中为例) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：(1)CH3CH2Cl＋NaOHeq \o(――→,\s\up7(乙醇),\s\do5(△))CH2===CH2↑＋NaCl＋H2O (2)CH3CH2OHeq \o(――→,\s\up7(浓H2SO4),\s\do5(170 ℃))CH2===CH2↑＋H2O (3)2CH3CH2OH＋O2eq \o(――→,\s\up7(Cu),\s\do5(△))2CH3CHO＋2H2O (4)CH3COOH＋CH3CH2OHeq \o(,\s\up7(浓H2SO4),\s\do5(△))CH3COOC2H5＋H2O (5)OHC—CHO＋O2eq \o(――→,\s\up7(催化剂),\s\do5(△))HOOC—COOH (7)CH3CHO＋2Ag(NH3)2OHeq \o(――→,\s\up7(△),\s\do5(　))CH3COONH4＋2Ag↓＋3NH3＋H2O (8)CH3CHO＋2Cu(OH)2＋NaOHeq \o(――→,\s\up7(△),\s\do5(　))CH3COONa＋Cu2O↓＋3H2O 二、有机物的检验辨析 1.卤代烃中卤素的检验 取样，滴入NaOH溶液，加热至分层现象消失，冷却后加入稀硝酸酸化，再滴入AgNO3溶液，观察沉淀的颜色，确定是何种卤素。 2．烯醛中碳碳双键的检验 (1)若是纯净的液态样品，则可向所取试样中加入溴的四氯化碳溶液，若褪色，则证明含有碳碳双键。 (2)若样品为水溶液，则先向样品中加入足量的新制Cu(OH)2悬浊液，加热煮沸，充分反应后冷却过滤，向滤液中加入稀硝酸酸化，再加入溴水，若褪色，则证明含有碳