让精益走下神坛讲义.ppt

Value Stream Mapping is the name used to describe the informal method used at Toyota to communicate current states and future state plans for improvement of a process. At Toyota they are called “Material and Information Flow Diagrams”. Value Stream Mapping is pencil and paper data gathering using stop watches and tape measures. Get actual data, not historical data, as much as possible. Work as a team, divide up tasks and get the facts as best as you can. If actual data is not available, get a range of historical data rather than an average. The scope of Value Stream Mapping is typically from “request to fulfillment” and can be as wide or as narrow as the process you need to describe. Some common types of Value Stream Maps are: Call to Cash: material and information flow from customer request to collection of payment Concept to Launch: material and information flow from a new idea until production start up Value Stream Mapping gives you the “big picture” view of the overall process from request to fulfillment, rather than just the individual processes within the Value Stream. The Value Stream Map should show you where there are opportunities to improve the flow of work as well as for reducing waste within individual processes. The “big picture” view allows you to see how information flow and material flow are connected, where delays occur, and where workflow is complex. See that value-added? That percentage is supposed to be to scale. Can you see why it’s better to eliminate muda in the process than it is to try to speed the process up? There’s just so much more of it! We encourage you to think of a good sentence to remember these wastes by. A good way to do it is to take the first letter of each waste and see if you can come up with a sentence that is meaningful to your company. Talk through the slide giving some personal experience. Talk about an actual VSM that you have been involved with, explain product type area etc. This is old-fashioned dat