语言学总复习.pptVIP

语言学总复习 Chapter1 Invitations to linguistics 1. the definition and the design features of language语言的定义与特征 2. the origin and the function of language语言的起源和功能 3.main branches of linguistics study语言学研究的范围和内容 4. important distinctions in linguistics语言学的一些重要概念的区分 Definition of language Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. Design features of language 1. arbitrariness任意性 2. duality二重性 3. creativity创造性 4. displacement不受时空限制性/移位性 Origin of language Divine- origin theory 神授说 Bow-wow theory 汪汪理论 摹声说 Pooh-pooh theory 噗噗理论 感叹说 Yo-he-ho theory 呦嘿吼理论 劳动叫喊说 Functions of language 1. informative function信息功能 2. interpersonal function 人际功能 3. performative function 施为功能 4. emotive function 感情功能 5. phatic communion 寒暄交谈 6. recreational function 娱乐功能 7. metalingual function 元语言功能 Definition of linguistics Linguistics is the scientific study of language. 语言学是对语言的科学研究。 Main branches of linguistics 1. phonetics 语音学 2. phonology 音系学 3. morphology 形态学 4. syntax 句法学 5. semantics 语义学 6. pragmatics 语用学 Macrolinguistics 1. psycholinguistics 心理语言学 2. sociolinguistics 社会语言学 3. anthropological linguistics 人类语言学 4. computational linguistics 计算机语言学 Important distinctions in linguistics 1. prescriptive descriptive 规定式和描写式 2. synchronic diachronic 共时研究与历时研究 3. langue parole 语言与言语 4. competence performance 语言能力与语言运用 Chapter2 Speech sounds 1. speech organs 发音器官 2. distinction, classification and the criteria of description between consonants and vowels 辅音和元音的区别、分类及描写规则 3. coarticulation and phonetic transcriptions 协同发音和语音转写 4. phonmes and allophones音位和音位变体 5. phonological process, phonological rules and distinctive features 音系过程、音系规则和区别特征 6. syllable structure, stress and intonation音节结构 重音和语调 Major branches of phonetics Articulatory phonetics 发音语音学 Acoustic phonetics 声学语音学 Auditory phonetics 听觉语音学 Speech organs The lungs（肺），the trachea[tre?k??](气管), the throat（咽喉）, the nose and the mouth The mouth: the tongue, the palate [p?l?t](颚) The throat: phary