审视施特劳斯虚无主义的批判-马克思主义哲学专业论文.docx

I I 摘 要 施特劳斯一生都在致力于思考如何解决现代性，并提出现代性的终极是虚无 主义，同时指出只有自然正当才能克服虚无主义。为了克服虚无主义，施特劳斯 对其进行了深刻的反思。在反思中提出了要克服虚无主义就要回到古典政治哲 学，因为在那里有治疗虚无主义的良方——自然正当。本文通过对施特劳斯虚无 主义的反思来说明，自然正当为何以成为治疗的良方？ 在施特劳斯看来，引发现代性的原因是古典自然正当被人所遗忘，而将现代 自然权利作为现代的中心思想。那么古典自然权利是怎样演变成了现代自然权利 的呢？施特劳斯认为，首先是三次浪潮推动；其次，在此基础上，引发的古典理 性主义与现代理性主义的冲突，即“古今之争”。施特劳斯试图用自然正当来说 明，“古”对于“今”有着怎样的力量，并指出其怎样拯救“现世”。在对虚无主 义进行批判的同时，施特劳斯以古典政治哲学为依据，提出了理想政治制度，它 以智慧为主的，并用“好”与“坏”作为社会价值的衡量标准，而不是以历史主 义的进步与否来衡量的。并且施特劳斯提出，要想在现代社会实现这一理想，就 要采用精英式的管理，其最重要的是推行“自由教育”，提高人们的古典哲学修 养。 虽然施特劳斯的政治哲学思想为我们克服现代性提供了一个有效的方法，但 是其思想也存在着一些问题，首先，自然正当能否成真的问题；其次，我们要如 何来实现这一问题？哲学家怎样才能使其自身完善？如果哲学家自己都无法完 善，那么理论如何实践？最后，政治哲学的理论真的能改善现实的社会生活吗？ 关键词：自然正当 现代性 虚无主义 古典政治哲学 I II Abstract Strauss spent his life devoted to thinking about how to solve the modernity, modernity and puts forward the ultimate is nihilism, and points out that only natural due to overcome nihilism. In order to overcome nihilism, Strauss has carried on the profound reflection on it. Put forward to overcome nihilism in the reflection will be back to the classical political philosophy, because there are good - nature as for the treatment of nihilism. Based on the reflection to the Strauss nihilism to illustrate, as for how to become the treatment of nature? In Strauss, modernity is classical natural causes as the forgotten by the people, and the modern natural rights as the center of modern thought. So how classical natural rights became modern natural right? Strauss think, first of all are the three times wave; Secondly, on this basis, the cause of classical rationalism and modern rationalism conflict, namely, ancient and modern wars. Strauss tried, with nature as the old to today how the power, and points out how to save the secular. While for critical nihilism, Strauss was based on the classical political philosophy, put forward the ideal political system, it is given priority to with wisdom, and good and bad a measure of social value, rather than in terms of history of progress or not. And Strauss, is put f