凝聚态物理导论-中科院课件-苏刚chapter2.pdfVIP

Chapter 2 Structure Orderings and Symmetry Breaking §2.1 Preamble Solid: a macroscopic system with 1023/cm3 particles, a complex many-particle (including electrons and ions) system. Microscopic processes in condensed matter: determined by individual and collective motion of interacting electrons and ions; Macroscopic properties in condensed matter: overall reflections of interactions between particles and collective excitations. Some concepts, e.g. conductivity, ferromagnetism, specific heat, phase transitions, etc., can only b