原核生物形态、构造与功能.ppt

* ★Figure 15. Bacterial endospores. Phase microscopy of sporulating bacteria demonstrates the refractility of endospores, as well as characteristic spore shapes and locations within the mother cell. ★Figure 12. Spore structure and arrangements. The figure on the left shows the general structure of a bacterial ENDOSPORE. The figure on the right shows how the shape, location and the relative size of the formed-spore to the remains of the parent cell can be used to describe a bacterial spore-former. These characteristics are genetic and are like describing humans as being tall, blue eyed with blond hair. A = oval, terminal; B = rectangular, terminal; C = rectangular, subterminal, D = rectangular, central; E = circular, terminal; F = circular, central; G = terminal, club-shaped. ★Some G+ bacteria form resistant structures called SPORES under adverse conditions. Spores are the most RESISTANT life form known. They are able to survive boiling in water at 100oC for long periods. Spores are resistant to UV-light, to drying and many harmful chemicals. We know spores can live for 100s of yr. and recently spores several million yr. old have been revived from insects trapped in amber. Some disease organisms like anthrax and botulism form spores that reside in the soil. The size, shape, and location of a spore in the cell are all identifying genetic characteristics. For example, in fig. 9 below, the spore on the left is TERMINAL, OVAL and SMALLER than the cell. It lab. #Exercise #6 you will stain spores and describe what you see. Based on the descriptions shown in Fig. 12, describe the spore in Fig. 11. * 芽孢有多层结构，主要包括孢外壁、芽孢衣、皮层和核心 * 芽孢的形成 产芽孢细菌在环境营养缺乏及有害代谢产物积累时，或者有些菌种在其达到一定生理阶段时，就开始形成芽孢。从形态变化上看，芽孢的形成可以分为七个阶段：（幻灯片066）a)?????? 轴丝形成；b)????? 不对等分裂，开始形成前孢子；c)????? 形成双层隔壁，抗辐射性提高；d)????? 开始形成皮层，折光率增高；e)?????? 芽孢衣合成结束；f)?????? 皮层合成完成，芽孢成熟，抗热性出现；g)?????? 芽孢囊裂解，芽孢游离。 在化学成分方面：大量吸收钙离子，合成吡啶二羧酸。 * （1）多层膜结构，通透性很差。 （2）组分：水分少（5%），DPA（吡啶二 羧酸），富含疏水性角蛋白。 （3）抗性强：热、酶解、辐射、药物。 （4）休