材料科学与工程专业英语.ppt

材料专业英语翻译 主讲：方建筠 课程简介： 课堂6学时，课后14学时 考试：开卷，当堂完成 主要内容及课时安排 Introduction to materials science and engineering(4学时) Metallic materials and alloys（4学时） Ceramics（2学时） Composites（2学时） Nanostructured materials（2学时） Part 1 Introduction to materials science and engineering Unit 1 Physical and chemical properties of materials Unit 2 Mechanical properties of materials Unit 1 Physical and chemical properties of materials Physical properties are those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. The general properties of matter such as color, density, hardness, are examples of physical properties. Properties that describe how a substance changes into a completely different substance are called chemical properties. Flammability and corrosion/oxidation resistance are examples of chemical properties. In general, some of the more important physical and chemical properties from an engineering material standpoint include phase transformation temperatures, density, specific gravity, thermal conductivity, linear coefficient of thermal expansion, electrical conductivity and resistivity, magnetic permeability, and corrosion resistance, and so on. Phase Transformation Temperatures When temperature rises and pressure is held constant, a typical substance changes from solid to liquid and then to vapor. Transitions from solid to liquid, from liquid to vapor, from vapor to solid and visa versa are called phase transformations or transitions. Since some substances have several crystal forms, technically there can be solid to another solid from phase transformation. Melting point: the phase transition temperature where a solid changes to a liquid Boiling point: the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals 1 atm (101.3 kPa) Some materials, such as many polymers, do not go simply from a solid to a liquid with increasing temperature. Instead, at some temperature below the melting point, they start to lose their crystalline structure but the molecule