腹部的局部解剖与操作3人体局解剖学16.pptVIP

经肾上腺横断层面(T12~L1椎间盘) 13.胆囊 24.右肾 30.右肾上腺 5.尾状叶 23.下腔静脉 7.肝门静脉 9.肝固有动脉 17.左肾 19.左肾上腺 4.脾静脉 16.脾 20.腹主动脉 肾上腺的动脉和静脉 （四）腹主动脉 abdominal aorta The celiac trunk(T12) The superior mesenteric a.(L1) The inferior mesenteric a.(L3) The middle suprarenal a. The renal a. (L2) The testicular (ovarian) a. The inferior phrenic a. The lumbar a. The median sacral a. The unpaired visceral braches: Paired visceral branches： Parietal branches： （五）下腔静脉 Inferior Vena Cava Its main tributaries are The Hepatic vein The right suprarenal vein The renal vein The right testicular (ovarian) vein The inferior phrenic vein The lumbar vein （七）腰丛 lumbar plexus （六）腰交感干 lumbar sympathetic trunk Formation, location The iliohypogastric n. The ilioinguinal n. The lateral femoral cutaneous n. The femoral n. The genitofemoral n. The obturator n. The lumbosacral trunk 解剖与观察Dissection and Observation Trace and clean the superior mesenteric artery and its branches. Trace and clean the superior mesenteric vein and its tributaries. Trace and clean the inferior pancreatico-duodenal aa. 解剖阑尾动脉 观察回盲口/瓣、阑尾口 Trace and clean the inferior mesenteric artery and its branches. Trace and clean the inferior mesenteric vein and its tributaries. Trace and Clean the hepatic portal vein and its tributaries. Remove the retroperitoneal (pararenal) fat on both sides of the vertebral column between the level of the T12 to L3 vertebra to expose the anterior layer of the fasica . Make a vertical incision through the renal fascia and adipose capsule of kidney to expose the fibrous capsule and kidney. Identify the left and right suprarenal glands. Trace and clean the superior, middle and inferior suprarenal arteries. Trace and clean the left and right suprarenal veins. Open the anterior layer of renal fascia, and examine the renal adipose capsule. Open the fibrous capsule. Dissect the pedicle of kidney and examine the relationship of the contents. Clean the abdominal part of the ureters. Trace and clean the vis