专四练习之语法4(时态和语态).pptVIP

2．get+过去分词和短语动词的被动形式 在现代英语中，get的这种用法局限于口语和非正式的书面语，动作执行者往往不表达出来。这种结构的应用更强调动作的结果而非动作本身，可以用来表示突发性的、出乎意料的偶然事件。 The man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。 How did the glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了？ Get lost 在英语中，常见的短语动词有三类，它们的主动语态和被动语态如下： a) 动词+介词：deal with/ look after/ talk about等。 b) 动词+副词:pull down/ put off/ set up 等。 c)动词+副词+介词：check up on/ do away with/ look down upon 等。 d)此外，还有动词+名词+介词构成的：make a mess of/ pay attention to/ set fire to/ take care of e)常见的这类动词短语还有catch sight of/ give way to/ keep an eye on/ lose track of/ make fun of/ make sense of 等。 3.上面这些词转换为被动语态时常有两种处理方法：第一种是把动词短语当做一个及物动词，把短语后面的介词宾语转换成句子的主语。第二种转换方法是把动词短语看作动词+宾语+介词结构，然后将介词前面的名词转换成句子的主语。(见下页例) 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us. He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man . →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse. 4.某些表示状态或特征的及物动词（contain/ cost/ fit/ have/ lack/ resemble/ suit）等没有被动语态形式。 不及物动词没有被动语态。 5.主动形式表示被动意义。 This pen writes well. It feels/tastes good. This new book sells well. Need/want/ require/deserve doing表被动。/to be done 6.被动形式表示主动意义：be determined, be pleased, be graduated from, be prepared for, be occupied in, get married等。 He married a rich girl. He got married to a rich girl.两者都可以。 时态 1．For some time now, world leaders ______out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction. (2002) A. had been pointing B. have been pointing C. were pointing D. pointed B 2. Jack _______ from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety. (2003) A. has been missing B. has been missed C. had been missing D. was missed A 3. How can I ever concentrate if you___ continually ________me with silly questions? (1997) A. have; interrupted B. had; interrupted C. are; interrupting D. were; interrupting C 4. Mr. White work with a chemical import export company, but he _____for the industrial fair, since he is on leav